Question 1

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids are arranged in two layers with hydrophilic heads facing the inner and outer surfaces and hydrophobic tails facing each other.

Question 2

A patient receives an intravenous solution that is hypertonic relative to their red blood cells. What is the most likely effect on the cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will shrink as water leaves the cells to balance solute concentration.

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing ATP through the breakdown of food molecules using oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

A cell is observed to have abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for export

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is described as 'selectively permeable'?

Accepted Answer

It allows some substances to pass while restricting others based on size, charge, or solubility.

Question 6

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align along the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 7

Which type of membrane transport requires energy in the form of ATP and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 8

A cell engulfs a bacterium by wrapping its plasma membrane around it and forming a vesicle. This process is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 9

Which tissue type is characterized by cells that are tightly packed, avascular, and capable of rapid regeneration?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying and packaging proteins for secretion

Question 11

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and may burst as water enters the cell.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of neuroglia in nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

Insulating, protecting, and supporting neurons

Question 13

Which connective tissue type is most rigid and functions to protect and support the body?

Accepted Answer

Bone (osseous tissue)

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses membrane proteins to transport substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 15

Which cell structure is responsible for directing the formation of the mitotic spindle during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Centrioles

Question 16

A patient has a genetic defect that prevents the formation of gap junctions in cardiac muscle. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Impaired conduction of electrical impulses between cardiac muscle cells

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the main function of adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Insulating the body and storing energy

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of skeletal muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Striations and multinucleate cells

Question 19

Which process describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why simple squamous epithelium is found lining the air sacs of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

It allows for rapid diffusion of gases due to its thin, flat structure.

Cells and Tissues: Structure, Function, and Transport Mechanisms

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