Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It conveys genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Question 2

During transcription, which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the mRNA strand from the DNA template?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 3

If a DNA strand has the sequence 5'-ATGCGT-3', what would be the corresponding mRNA sequence produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

5'-UACGCA-3'

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is correct?

Accepted Answer

A codon consists of three nucleotides and codes for one amino acid.

Question 5

What is the function of the anticodon region of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It pairs with the complementary codon on mRNA to ensure the correct amino acid is added.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis results in genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis results in genetically unique daughter cells.

Question 7

A mutation changes the DNA triplet from GGC to GCC. What is the likely effect on the protein produced?

Accepted Answer

The protein will have a different amino acid at that position, potentially altering its function.

Question 8

Which phase of protein synthesis involves the ribosome shifting along the mRNA, moving tRNAs from the A site to the P site and then to the E site?

Accepted Answer

Translation elongation

Question 9

If a cell in the human body contains 46 chromosomes, what type of cell is it most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A somatic cell

Question 10

Which of the following events occurs during the termination phase of translation?

Accepted Answer

A stop codon enters the A site, causing the release of the polypeptide chain.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

It reduces the chromosome number by half, preventing chromosome doubling in offspring.

Question 12

A scientist observes a cell with two sets of chromosomes undergoing division, resulting in two identical cells. Which process is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transcription → Translation → Protein folding

Question 14

Which of the following base pairing rules is correct for DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine, cytosine pairs with guanine

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the outcome of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Two genetically identical diploid cells

Question 16

During translation, what is the significance of the start codon?

Accepted Answer

It codes for the amino acid methionine and signals where translation begins.

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the chromosome number in human cells after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Each daughter cell has 23 chromosomes.

Question 18

Which process ensures that the genetic information is accurately passed from parent cell to daughter cells in mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome duplication followed by equal segregation

Question 19

A cell undergoes two consecutive divisions and produces four non-identical cells, each with half the original chromosome number. What process has occurred?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why proteins must be continually synthesized in cells?

Accepted Answer

Proteins have a short lifespan and are constantly degraded and replaced.

Cells: Protein Synthesis and Cellular Division

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