Q: Which equation best represents the relationship between diffusion rate ($$R$$), surface area ($$A$$), concentration difference ($$ riangle C$$), and membrane thickness ($$d$$)?

$$R = \frac{A \times \triangle C}{d}$$

Q: Which equation represents the movement of water across a membrane by osmosis?

$$J = L_p \times \triangle \pi$$

Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP via aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 2

The plasma membrane is described as a 'fluid mosaic.' Which component contributes most to its fluidity?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

Question 3

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It moves Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell against their concentration gradients using ATP.

Question 5

Which equation best represents the relationship between diffusion rate ($$R$$), surface area ($$A$$), concentration difference ($$	riangle C$$), and membrane thickness ($$d$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$R = \frac{A 	imes 	riangle C}{d}$$

Question 6

Which process involves the engulfment of large particles, such as bacteria, by pseudopods and is commonly performed by macrophages?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 7

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 9

A cell in the small intestine absorbs nutrients by taking in droplets of extracellular fluid. Which process is this?

Accepted Answer

Pinocytosis

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is correct?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support, movement, and organization within the cell.

Question 11

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the double helix?

Accepted Answer

DNA helicase

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of harmful substances and neutralization of free radicals

Question 13

Which equation represents the movement of water across a membrane by osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$J = L_p 	imes 	riangle \pi$$

Question 14

Which structure is responsible for the selective permeability of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-life example of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Uptake of cholesterol by cells

Question 16

Which equation describes the electrochemical gradient ($$E) $$for an ion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[ion]_{outside}}{[ion]_{inside}} \right)$$

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about the process of translation?

Accepted Answer

It converts mRNA into a polypeptide chain at the ribosome.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Manufacture of secreted proteins and integral membrane proteins

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

Facilitates cell-cell recognition and communication

Question 20

Which of the following is a multi-step process that involves the movement of substances into, across, and then out of a cell?

Accepted Answer

Transcytosis

Cells: The Living Units – Structure and Function

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