Question 1

Which of the following best describes the 'fluid mosaic model' of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic, flexible bilayer of phospholipids with proteins and cholesterol interspersed, allowing lateral movement.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information for the cell.

Question 3

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which type of solution is this, and what is the process called?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic solution; osmosis

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + 36-38\ \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why the Na$$^+/K$^+$$ pump is considered primary active transport?

Accepted Answer

It uses the energy from ATP hydrolysis to change the shape of the transport protein and move ions against their gradients.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events for the four main steps of aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis → Bridge reaction → Krebs cycle → Electron transport chain

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Digest and recycle cellular waste, bacteria, and damaged organelles.

Question 8

A patient receives an intravenous solution that causes their red blood cells to shrink. What type of solution was administered, and what is the effect called?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic; crenation

Question 9

Which of the following statements about stem cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Pluripotent stem cells can develop into most, but not all, cell types.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a specific biological marker for cell-to-cell recognition and helps the immune system distinguish self from nonself.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of drugs and synthesis of steroid hormones

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why water moves into a cell placed in a hypotonic solution?

Accepted Answer

The osmolarity inside the cell is higher than outside, so water moves in.

Question 13

Which of the following is a key difference between primary and secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport uses ATP directly, while secondary active transport uses the energy stored in ion gradients.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell uses specific receptors to bind and internalize particular molecules in coated vesicles.

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the resting membrane potential (RMP) of a typical animal cell?

Accepted Answer

It is generated mainly by the movement of K$$^+$$ ions out of the cell.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

They neutralize free radicals and detoxify harmful substances using oxidase and catalase enzymes.

Question 17

A scientist observes a cell with a large number of mitochondria. What can be inferred about this cell's function?

Accepted Answer

It is likely involved in active transport and requires large amounts of ATP.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of the G1, S, and G2 phases of interphase?

Accepted Answer

G1: vigorous growth and metabolism; S: DNA synthesis; G2: preparation for division

Question 19

Which of the following best describes apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Programmed cell death involving caspase activation and phagocytosis of cell remnants.

Cells: The Living Units – Structure, Function, and Processes

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