Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between potential and kinetic energy in the context of cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is stored energy, such as in concentration gradients, while kinetic energy is the energy of motion, such as ions moving across a membrane.

Question 2

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of glucose oxidation during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of an exergonic reaction in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water

Question 4

What is the primary role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To serve as a coenzyme that accepts electrons and hydrogen ions during oxidation reactions, becoming NADH

Question 5

Which process occurs in the cytosol and does not require oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 6

During the citric acid cycle, what is the fate of the carbons from acetyl CoA?

Accepted Answer

They are released as carbon dioxide ($$\mathrm{CO_2$}).$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why cyanide poisoning is rapidly fatal?

Accepted Answer

Cyanide binds to an electron carrier in the electron transport system, halting ATP synthesis and preventing electrons from reaching oxygen.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about enzyme function is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes decrease the activation energy, increasing the rate of product formation.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP is formed directly from the transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP.

Question 10

A patient with a genetic defect in the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase would have difficulty with which metabolic process?

Accepted Answer

Converting pyruvate to acetyl CoA in the intermediate stage

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct summary of ATP yield from one molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$ ATP from substrate-level phosphorylation and $$34$$ ATP from oxidative phosphorylation, totaling $$36$$ ATP

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of oxygen in the electron transport system?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor, combining with electrons and hydrogen ions to form water.

Question 13

If a person has a fever of 106°F (41°C), what is the most likely effect on their enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes will denature, losing their function.

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the fate of pyruvate under anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate is converted to lactate, regenerating NAD+ for glycolysis.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the citric acid cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

It produces 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 per turn.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why fatty acids can only be used aerobically for ATP production?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids are broken down to acetyl CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle that requires oxygen.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of coenzymes such as NAD+ and FAD in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They transfer electrons and hydrogen ions between metabolic pathways.

Question 18

Which of the following would most likely result from a mutation that prevents the regeneration of NAD+ during anaerobic metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis would eventually stop due to lack of NAD+.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of beta-oxidation?

Accepted Answer

The removal of two-carbon units from fatty acids to form acetyl CoA

Cellular Energy, Chemical Reactions, and Cellular Respiration

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