Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of Class I MHC proteins in cellular immunity?

Accepted Answer

They are displayed by all nucleated cells except red blood cells and present endogenous antigens to cytotoxic T cells.

Question 2

A patient receives a kidney transplant and is placed on immunosuppressive therapy. Which of the following is a major risk associated with this treatment?

Accepted Answer

Increased susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections due to suppressed immune response.

Question 3

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for stimulating the rapid division of activated T cells?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin-2 (IL-2)

Question 4

A cytotoxic T cell (TC) recognizes a virus-infected cell. What is the primary mechanism by which the TC cell induces apoptosis in the target cell?

Accepted Answer

Releasing perforins and granzymes to create pores and activate apoptosis.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why CD4 T cells are unable to recognize antigens presented by Class I MHC proteins?

Accepted Answer

CD4 T cells are restricted to binding only Class II MHC proteins, which are typically found on APCs.

Question 6

A patient with HIV is found to have a dramatically reduced number of helper T cells. Which of the following consequences is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Impaired activation of both humoral and cellular immune responses.

Question 7

During an immediate hypersensitivity reaction, which immunoglobulin is primarily responsible for binding to mast cells and triggering histamine release?

Accepted Answer

IgE

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of regulatory T (TReg) cells?

Accepted Answer

Dampening immune responses and preventing autoimmune reactions.

Question 9

A patient develops a delayed hypersensitivity reaction after exposure to poison ivy. Which immune cells are primarily responsible for this response?

Accepted Answer

Helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of clonal selection in T cells?

Accepted Answer

T cells are activated by recognizing both self (MHC) and nonself (antigen) on an APC, leading to proliferation and differentiation.

Question 11

Which of the following is a key difference between Class I and Class II MHC proteins?

Accepted Answer

Class I MHC proteins present endogenous antigens to CD8 T cells, while Class II present exogenous antigens to CD4 T cells.

Question 12

A patient with a genetic defect in adenosine deaminase (ADA) is diagnosed with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Which of the following best explains the immunological consequence?

Accepted Answer

Marked deficit in both B and T cells, resulting in severe immunodeficiency.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of helper T (TH) cells in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They activate both humoral and cellular arms of the adaptive immune system by stimulating B cells, other T cells, and macrophages.

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of a cytotoxic (type II) hypersensitivity reaction?

Accepted Answer

Mismatched blood transfusion reaction.

Question 15

A patient with multiple sclerosis is being treated for an autoimmune disease. Which of the following is a possible mechanism for the development of autoimmunity?

Accepted Answer

Activation of weakly self-reactive lymphocytes by foreign antigens that resemble self-antigens.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why dendritic cells are uniquely able to activate CD8 T cells with exogenous antigens?

Accepted Answer

They can present engulfed endogenous proteins on both Class I and Class II MHC proteins.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of gamma interferon in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Enhances the killing power of macrophages and promotes differentiation of T cells into TH1.

Question 18

A patient experiences anaphylactic shock after a bee sting. Which of the following best describes the physiological changes occurring during this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Bronchioles constrict and vasodilation leads to low blood volume and possible circulatory collapse.

Question 19

Which of the following is a key reason why the immune system becomes less effective with age?

Accepted Answer

Atrophy of the thymus and decreased production of naive T and B cells.

Cellular Immune Response and Immune System Disorders

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