Q: What is the correct sequence of events in the central dogma of molecular biology?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{mRNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell, maintaining the separation between intracellular and extracellular environments.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell until it bursts. Which term best describes the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell’s cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why cholesterol is an important component of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stiffens the membrane, making it less fluid and less permeable.

Question 6

A cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits the function of ribosomes. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 7

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It requires carrier proteins to move large, water-soluble molecules across the membrane.

Question 8

What is the main function of lysosomes in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Digestion and recycling of cellular waste and damaged organelles

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane toward a higher solute concentration

Question 10

A mutation prevents the formation of the mitotic spindle during cell division. Which stage of mitosis would be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of phospholipids and steroid hormones

Question 12

What is the correct sequence of events in the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{mRNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes rRNA and assembles ribosomal subunits.

Question 14

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink and dehydrate.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the sodium-potassium pump is essential for cell function?

Accepted Answer

It maintains the proper concentration gradients of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane using ATP.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about microfilaments is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are composed of actin and provide mechanical strength to the cell.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the process of translation?

Accepted Answer

It uses tRNA molecules to deliver amino acids to the ribosome, where they are assembled into a polypeptide chain.

Question 19

A scientist observes a cell with a prominent nucleolus and abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between structure and function at the cellular level?

Accepted Answer

The structure of a cell is closely related to its specific function, as seen in the abundance of mitochondria in muscle cells.

Cellular Level of Organization: Structure and Function in Human Anatomy & Physiology

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