Question 1

Which of the following best describes the movement of water during osmosis across a selectively permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Question 2

A patient is accidentally given intravenous sterile water instead of a normal saline solution. What will most likely happen to their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The red blood cells will swell and may burst due to water influx.

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of membrane proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They provide structural support, act as enzymes, and facilitate cell recognition.

Question 4

Which type of transport requires energy directly from ATP hydrolysis to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 5

What is the main role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes the membrane during temperature changes.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the sodium-potassium ATPase pump?

Accepted Answer

It moves sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell using ATP.

Question 7

Which process involves the movement of large particles or whole cells into the cell by engulfing them in a vesicle?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 8

A medicine that binds to a membrane receptor and mimics the action of a natural ligand is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

Agonist

Question 9

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of charged solutes across the bilayer with the help of a membrane protein

Question 10

What is the value of the membrane potential when a cell is at rest called?

Accepted Answer

Resting membrane potential

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Glucose transport into the cell using the sodium ion gradient

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of glycolipids and glycoproteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They are involved in cell recognition.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the ATP-ADP cycle?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its phosphate bonds, which is released when converted to ADP.

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-life example of transcytosis?

Accepted Answer

Kidneys making urine by transporting substances across cells

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion moves nonpolar solutes directly through the bilayer, while facilitated diffusion requires membrane proteins for charged solutes.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for the cell

Question 17

Which of the following best describes exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The release of substances from the cell via a transport vesicle

Question 18

A sports drink is designed to help with dehydration. Which of the following best explains its effect on cells?

Accepted Answer

It increases the solute concentration of the extracellular fluid, preventing water from leaving the cells.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of an antagonist acting on a membrane receptor?

Accepted Answer

Antihistamines binding to histamine receptors and blocking allergy symptoms

Question 20

Which equation best represents the hydrolysis of ATP to release energy?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} + 	ext{energy} $$

Cellular Membrane Structure and Transport Mechanisms

Study Guide - Practice Questions