Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump ($$\mathrm{Na^+/K^+}$$ ATPase) in maintaining cellular homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It pumps three sodium ions out of the cell and two potassium ions into the cell using ATP: $$3\ \mathrm{Na^+_{(in)}} + 2\ \mathrm{K^+_{(out)}} + \mathrm{ATP} \rightarrow 3\ \mathrm{Na^+_{(out)}} + 2\ \mathrm{K^+_{(in)}} + \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i}$$

Question 2

A patient is experiencing muscle weakness and fatigue. Blood tests reveal low calcium levels. Which physiological process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Initiation of muscle contraction due to insufficient $$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}$$ binding to troponin

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{pH} = -\log_{10}[\mathrm{H^+}]$$

Question 4

During aerobic cellular respiration, which of the following is the correct sequence of major metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis $$\rightarrow$$ Krebs Cycle $$\rightarrow$$ Electron Transport Chain

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are considered biological catalysts?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy and speed up chemical reactions without being consumed.

Question 6

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst because water enters the cell by osmosis.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is a fluid mosaic of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins that allows selective permeability.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the process of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration through a protein channel without energy input.

Question 9

A patient with chronic respiratory acidosis is likely to have which of the following blood pH values?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{pH} = 7.30$$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the role of buffers in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Buffers maintain pH by neutralizing excess acids or bases.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct representation of the chemical reaction for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between simple diffusion and active transport?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy, while active transport moves substances against their gradient using ATP.

Question 13

A patient is given an intravenous solution of 0.9% NaCl. What type of solution is this relative to the patient's red blood cells, and what effect will it have?

Accepted Answer

It is an isotonic solution and will not change the cell volume.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains the role of mitochondria in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

They generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between $$\mathrm{CO_2$}$$ and blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Increased $$\mathrm{CO_2$} in $$the blood leads to decreased pH (acidosis).

Cellular Respiration and Metabolism: Study Notes for ANP College

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards