Question 1

Which adult brain structure is derived from the embryonic diencephalon, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Thalamus; major sensory relay station

Question 2

During embryonic development, the neural tube's anterior end forms three primary brain vesicles. Which of the following correctly matches a primary vesicle with its adult derivative?

Accepted Answer

Rhombencephalon – medulla oblongata

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the reticular activating system (RAS)?

Accepted Answer

It filters out repetitive or weak stimuli and maintains cortical arousal.

Question 4

A patient presents with loss of balance and uncoordinated movements. Which brain region is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the cerebral cortex is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of conscious mind and awareness.

Question 6

The limbic system is primarily involved in which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

Processing and expression of emotions

Question 7

Which structure connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres, allowing communication between them?

Accepted Answer

Corpus callosum

Question 8

Which ventricle is located in the diencephalon and is connected to the lateral ventricles via the interventricular foramen?

Accepted Answer

Third ventricle

Question 9

Damage to the hypothalamus would most likely disrupt which of the following homeostatic functions?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of body temperature and hunger

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of cephalization?

Accepted Answer

The evolutionary development of the anterior portion of the CNS, resulting in increased neuron number

Question 11

A lesion in the medulla oblongata would most likely affect which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of respiratory and cardiac centers

Question 12

Which lobe of the cerebral hemisphere is buried under portions of the temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes?

Accepted Answer

Insula

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow through the ventricles?

Accepted Answer

Lateral ventricles → third ventricle → cerebral aqueduct → fourth ventricle

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the cerebral hemispheres fold during development?

Accepted Answer

To increase surface area for more neurons

Question 15

Which brain region is responsible for filtering out repetitive, familiar, or weak stimuli to prevent sensory overload?

Accepted Answer

Reticular activating system (RAS)

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Coordination of voluntary muscle movements

Question 17

Which structure is the main visceral control and regulating center vital to homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the arbor vitae?

Accepted Answer

A treelike pattern of white matter in the cerebellum

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the basal nuclei?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of voluntary motor activities

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the thalamus in sensory processing?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a relay station, directing sensory information to the appropriate area of the cerebral cortex.

Ch. 12 Central Nervous System: Structure, Development, and Major Brain Regions

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