Question 1

Which of the following best describes the principle of complementarity of structure and function?

Accepted Answer

Function always reflects structure; what a structure can do depends on its specific form.

Question 2

A patient has a genetic mutation that causes their red blood cells to be spherical rather than biconcave. Which physiological process is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

The ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen efficiently.

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct sequence of levels of structural organization in the human body, from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal

Question 4

Which organ system is primarily responsible for eliminating nitrogenous wastes and regulating water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood?

Accepted Answer

Urinary system

Question 5

A person is exposed to a cold environment. Which homeostatic mechanism is most likely to be activated to maintain body temperature?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Enhancement of labor contractions by oxytocin

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of the receptor in a homeostatic control system?

Accepted Answer

It monitors the environment and responds to stimuli.

Question 8

A person eats a meal, and the smell of food triggers the release of digestive juices before the food enters the stomach. This is an example of which type of homeostatic response?

Accepted Answer

Feedforward (anticipatory) response

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a necessary life function?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 10

A patient is unable to absorb nutrients from food due to a malfunction in their digestive system. Which survival need is most directly compromised?

Accepted Answer

Nutrients

Question 11

Which of the following statements about anatomical variability is correct?

Accepted Answer

Over 90% of all anatomical structures match textbook descriptions.

Question 12

Which organ system is responsible for synthesizing vitamin D and housing cutaneous receptors?

Accepted Answer

Integumentary system

Question 13

Which of the following best illustrates the law of mass balance in physiology?

Accepted Answer

The amount of a substance taken in by the body equals the amount lost.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Returning leaked fluid to blood and housing immune cells

Question 15

A person with a malfunctioning control center in a homeostatic system would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Failure to determine the set point and coordinate responses

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a catabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of glucose to release energy

Question 17

Which of the following equations best represents the process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP}$

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct result of homeostatic imbalance?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of disease

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between sex and gender as discussed in anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Sex is based on biological attributes, while gender is a psychosocial construct.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a subdivision of gross (macroscopic) anatomy?

Accepted Answer

Cytology

Chapter 1: The Human Body—An Orientation (Study Notes)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards