Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

It integrates sensory information and coordinates voluntary and involuntary responses.

Question 2

A patient presents with muscle weakness and loss of sensation in the limbs. MRI reveals demyelination in the CNS. Which neuroglial cell is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the propagation of an action potential along a myelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

The action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next, a process called saltatory conduction.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the action of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

$$2\ \mathrm{K}^+_{(out)} + 3\ \mathrm{Na}^+_{(in)} + \mathrm{ATP} \rightarrow 2\ \mathrm{K}^+_{(in)} + 3\ \mathrm{Na}^+_{(out)} + \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i$$

Question 5

A local anesthetic is injected into a patient’s gum before a dental procedure. Which of the following best explains how the anesthetic works?

Accepted Answer

It blocks voltage-gated sodium ion channels, preventing depolarization and action potential propagation.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)?

Accepted Answer

EPSPs move the membrane potential closer to threshold, while IPSPs move it farther from threshold.

Question 7

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates spatial summation in a postsynaptic neuron?

Accepted Answer

Multiple presynaptic neurons release neurotransmitter simultaneously at different locations on the postsynaptic neuron.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a neurotransmitter and its primary effect in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

GABA – major inhibitory neurotransmitter

Question 9

A patient is diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease, which is associated with a deficiency of which neurotransmitter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why action potentials only travel in one direction along an axon?

Accepted Answer

The refractory period prevents the region of the axon that just fired from immediately firing again.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring neurons and blood vessels, and regulating the extracellular environment

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of the trigger zone in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It is the region where action potentials are initiated if threshold is reached.

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of metabotropic neurotransmitter receptors?

Accepted Answer

They are connected to G-proteins and produce slower, longer-lasting effects.

Question 14

A patient is bitten by a bark scorpion. Which of the following best describes the effect of the venom on neuronal function?

Accepted Answer

It prevents postsynaptic sodium channels from closing, resulting in continued action potentials.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why regeneration of nervous tissue is limited in the CNS compared to the PNS?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes form scar tissue and oligodendrocytes inhibit neuronal growth.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

Action potential arrives at axon terminal → Calcium channels open → Neurotransmitter released → Neurotransmitter binds to postsynaptic receptors

Chapter 11: Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue - Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards