Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the action of the sodium-potassium pump in neurons?

$$3 \mathrm{Na}^+_{\text{in}} \rightarrow 3 \mathrm{Na}^+_{\text{out}}; 2 \mathrm{K}^+_{\text{out}} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{K}^+_{\text{in}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To control and communicate information rapidly throughout the body using electrical and chemical signals

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the efferent pathways. Which of the following functions would most likely be impaired?

Accepted Answer

The ability to move muscles in response to stimuli

Question 3

Which type of neuroglia is responsible for forming myelin sheaths in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why neurons have a high metabolic rate?

Accepted Answer

They need continuous supplies of oxygen and glucose to maintain ion gradients for action potentials.

Question 5

A neuron receives a stimulus that opens chemically gated ion channels. What is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

A graded potential is generated.

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the action of the sodium-potassium pump in neurons?

Accepted Answer

$$3 \mathrm{Na}^+_{	ext{in}} ightarrow 3 \mathrm{Na}^+_{	ext{out}}; 2 \mathrm{K}^+_{	ext{out}} ightarrow 2 \mathrm{K}^+_{	ext{in}}$$

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the propagation of an action potential along a myelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

The action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next, increasing conduction speed.

Question 8

A patient is exposed to a toxin that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels. What is the most likely effect on neuronal function?

Accepted Answer

Neurons will be unable to generate action potentials.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between graded potentials and action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials lose strength with distance, while action potentials do not.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

Action potential arrives at axon terminal → Calcium channels open → Neurotransmitter is released into synaptic cleft → Neurotransmitter binds to postsynaptic receptors

Question 11

Which of the following neuron types is most commonly found in the central nervous system (CNS) and is responsible for integration?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar interneurons

Question 12

A person touches a hot stove and immediately withdraws their hand. Which neural processing pathway is primarily responsible for this rapid, automatic response?

Accepted Answer

Serial processing (reflex arc)

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of the axon hillock in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where graded potentials are integrated and action potentials are initiated.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

They allow for regeneration of peripheral nerves after axon injuries.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the inside of a resting neuron is negatively charged relative to the outside?

Accepted Answer

Potassium ions leak out of the cell more easily than sodium ions leak in, and the sodium-potassium pump maintains this gradient.

Question 16

Which of the following neurotransmitters is released at the neuromuscular junction and can have either excitatory or inhibitory effects depending on the postsynaptic cell?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 17

A person smells freshly baked muffins and immediately feels hungry, remembers childhood, and adds muffins to their grocery list. Which type of neural processing does this scenario best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Parallel processing

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic division mobilizes body systems during activity, while the parasympathetic division conserves energy during rest.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct order of events for information flow through the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input → Integration → Motor output

Chapter 11: The Nervous System & Nervous Tissue – Structured Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards