Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main functional divisions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 2

A patient presents with loss of sensation in the limbs but retains voluntary muscle control. Which functional division of the PNS is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Sensory (Afferent) Division

Question 3

Which structural component of a neuron is primarily responsible for receiving incoming signals?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding myelin sheaths?

Accepted Answer

They increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission by insulating axons.

Question 5

Which glial cell type is responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier and regulating the extracellular environment in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 6

A demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis primarily affects which cell type in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between gray matter and white matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter contains neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, and axon terminals; white matter contains myelinated axons.

Question 8

Which equation best represents the relationship between conduction velocity ($$v$$), axon diameter ($$d$$), and myelination in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

$$v \propto d ($$velocity is proportional to diameter)

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Producing myelin sheaths in the CNS

Question 10

A nerve is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A bundle of axons in the PNS, along with associated connective tissue and blood vessels

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of microglia in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They act as immune cells, removing debris and dead cells.

Question 12

Which type of neuron is most abundant in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE about Schwann cells?

Accepted Answer

They myelinate axons in the PNS and assist in nerve regeneration.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the Node of Ranvier?

Accepted Answer

It allows for saltatory conduction, increasing the speed of action potentials.

Question 15

A patient has a tumor derived from mitotically active glial cells in the CNS. Which cell type is most likely the origin?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the direction of information flow at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

From presynaptic axon terminal to postsynaptic dendrite

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct pairing of glial cell and its function?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cell – production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the organization of white and gray matter in the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter is internal (H-shaped), white matter is external

Question 19

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of neurons compared to other somatic cells?

Accepted Answer

They are post-mitotic and have extreme longevity.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of interneurons?

Accepted Answer

They are confined to the CNS and integrate sensory and motor information.

Chapter 12: Nervous System and Nervous Tissue – Structured Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards