Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of lymphatic vessels in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They return excess tissue fluid and plasma proteins to the bloodstream.

Question 2

A patient presents with severe edema in the lower limbs. Which malfunction in the lymphatic system is most likely responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Blockage or damage to lymphatic vessels preventing fluid return to the blood

Question 3

Which of the following is a key structural feature of lymphatic capillaries that allows them to absorb excess tissue fluid?

Accepted Answer

Flaplike minivalves formed by overlapping endothelial cells

Question 4

Which lymphatic duct drains lymph from the right arm and the right side of the head and thorax?

Accepted Answer

Right lymphatic duct

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of the spleen?

Accepted Answer

Producing insulin for glucose regulation

Question 6

A child is diagnosed with a deficiency in thymosin production. Which immune process is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Programming of T lymphocytes in the thymus

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why lymph flow is slower through a lymph node than into it?

Accepted Answer

There are fewer efferent vessels than afferent vessels.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct pairing of an antibody class with its function?

Accepted Answer

IgA – found mainly in mucus and body secretions

Question 9

A patient receives an injection of immune serum after exposure to rabies. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of complement proteins in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

They form membrane attack complexes (MACs) that lyse target cells.

Question 11

Which of the following is a characteristic of the adaptive (specific) immune system?

Accepted Answer

It recognizes and mounts a stronger attack on previously encountered pathogens.

Question 12

Which cell type is responsible for presenting antigens to T cells and activating them?

Accepted Answer

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells and macrophages

Question 13

A patient develops an autoimmune disease in which their immune system attacks the myelin sheath of neurons. Which disease is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in phagocytosis by a macrophage?

Accepted Answer

Adherence to pathogen → formation of phagosome → fusion with lysosome → digestion → exocytosis

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why fever can be beneficial during infection?

Accepted Answer

It inhibits the multiplication of bacteria and enhances the speed of tissue repair.

Question 16

A person with a congenital absence of T cells would have the greatest difficulty defending against which type of infection?

Accepted Answer

Viral infections and cancer cells

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of helper T cells in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Recruiting and stimulating other immune cells by releasing cytokines

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of immediate (acute) hypersensitivity reactions such as hay fever?

Accepted Answer

IgE antibodies bind to mast cells, and allergen exposure triggers histamine release

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of artificially acquired active immunity?

Accepted Answer

Receiving a vaccine containing dead or attenuated pathogens

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why organ transplants are often followed by immunosuppressive therapy?

Accepted Answer

To prevent the recipient’s immune system from attacking the transplanted tissue

Chapter 12: The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions