Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS includes all nervous tissue outside the brain and spinal cord.

Question 2

A localized collection of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system is called a:

Accepted Answer

Ganglion

Question 3

Which glial cell is responsible for forming the myelin sheath around axons in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the function of the sodium-potassium pump in neurons?

Accepted Answer

It maintains the resting membrane potential by actively transporting sodium out and potassium into the cell.

Question 5

What is the primary function of the Nodes of Ranvier?

Accepted Answer

To allow saltatory conduction of action potentials

Question 6

Which type of ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated ion channel

Question 7

A patient is unable to voluntarily move their skeletal muscles but can still regulate heart rate and digestion. Which division of the nervous system is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the sequence of events during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization (Na+ influx) → Repolarization (K+ efflux) → Hyperpolarization → Resting potential

Question 9

Which equation correctly represents the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

$$V_{rest} \approx -70\ \mathrm{mV}$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Form the blood-brain barrier and regulate ion concentrations

Question 11

A graded potential in a neuron is most likely to occur when:

Accepted Answer

Ligand-gated or mechanically gated sodium channels open in response to a stimulus

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why action potentials are considered 'all-or-none' events?

Accepted Answer

If the threshold is reached, the action potential always peaks at $$+30\ \mathrm{mV}.$$

Question 13

Which neuron type is most commonly found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the enteric nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It regulates smooth muscle and glandular tissue in the digestive system.

Question 15

If a neuron is exposed to a toxin that blocks voltage-gated potassium channels, what would most likely happen during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Repolarization would be delayed or incomplete.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct pairing of glial cell and its function in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Satellite cell – support of neuron cell bodies in ganglia

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the movement of ions during the depolarization phase of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ions move into the cell.

Question 18

A patient presents with a demyelinating disease affecting the CNS. Which cell type is most likely being targeted by the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the inside of a neuron is negatively charged at rest?

Accepted Answer

There is a high concentration of anions and proteins inside the cell.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-life example of a mechanically gated ion channel in action?

Accepted Answer

The opening of ion channels in skin receptors when pressure is applied.

Chapter 12: The Nervous System and Nervous Tissue – Structured Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards