Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the myelin sheath in neurons?

Accepted Answer

To increase the speed of action potential conduction along the axon

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the transmission of motor commands from the CNS to skeletal muscles. Which division of the nervous system is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic motor division

Question 3

Which neuroglial cell is responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier and regulating the extracellular environment in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Astrocyte

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the structural classification of a neuron with one axon and multiple dendrites?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 5

Which connective tissue layer directly surrounds individual axons within a peripheral nerve?

Accepted Answer

Endoneurium

Question 6

A neuron in the retina of the eye has one dendrite and one axon extending from opposite sides of the cell body. What is the structural classification of this neuron?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar neuron

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between the CNS and PNS?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes myelinate axons in the CNS, while Schwann cells myelinate axons in the PNS.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of microglia in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They act as phagocytes, removing cell debris and pathogens.

Question 9

A patient has a loss of sensation in the skin of their hand. Which type of neuron is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Sensory (afferent) neuron

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the nodes of Ranvier is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are gaps in the myelin sheath that facilitate saltatory conduction of action potentials.

Question 11

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between the speed of nerve impulse conduction ($$v$$), the diameter of the axon ($$d$$), and the presence of myelin ($$m$$), where $$m = 1$$ for myelinated and $$m = 0$$ for unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

$$v = k \cdot d \cdot (1 + m)$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of Nissl bodies in neurons?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 13

Which glial cell type is responsible for myelinating multiple axons in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the direction of impulse conduction in a typical multipolar motor neuron?

Accepted Answer

From dendrites to cell body to axon to axon terminals

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the regeneration of nerve fibers?

Accepted Answer

Axons in the PNS can regenerate if Schwann cells are present and the cell body is intact.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of satellite cells in the PNS?

Accepted Answer

They regulate the exchange of nutrients and waste products for neurons in ganglia.

Question 17

A patient presents with a demyelinating disease affecting the CNS. Which cell type is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct sequence of connective tissue layers from superficial to deep in a peripheral nerve?

Accepted Answer

Epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of interneurons?

Accepted Answer

They connect sensory and motor neurons within the CNS.

Question 20

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of unipolar (pseudounipolar) neurons?

Accepted Answer

They have a single process that splits into peripheral and central branches.

Chapter 13: The Nervous System – Structure, Function, and Cellular Organization

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