$$\text{Vital Capacity} = TV + IRV + ERV$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels

Question 2

What is the main functional advantage of C-shaped cartilages in the tracheal wall compared to completely circular cartilages?

Accepted Answer

They provide flexibility for food passage along the esophagus

Question 3

Which membrane lines the conducting portion of the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory mucosa

Question 4

A patient with respiratory distress syndrome is most likely experiencing problems due to:

Accepted Answer

Lack of surfactant production by pneumocytes type II

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the path air takes from the glottis to the blood air barrier?

Accepted Answer

Glottis → pharynx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents vital capacity?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Vital Capacity} = TV + IRV + ERV$$

Question 7

If Mark breaks a rib that punctures the chest wall on his left side, what is the most likely outcome for his left lung?

Accepted Answer

His left lung will collapse due to pneumothorax

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the alveoli is correct?

Accepted Answer

Alveoli contain pneumocytes type II that produce surfactant

Question 9

What would happen to the alveoli if surfactant were not produced?

Accepted Answer

Alveoli would collapse due to increased surface tension

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct description of external respiration?

Accepted Answer

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between body fluids and the external environment

Question 11

During inhalation, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

Volume of the thoracic cavity increases

Question 12

Which of the following factors would decrease lung compliance?

Accepted Answer

Decrease in surfactant production

Question 13

Which equation best represents the relationship between pressure and volume in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

$$P \propto \frac{1}{V}$$

Question 14

Which structure is responsible for preventing food and liquids from entering the respiratory tract during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the right main bronchus?

Accepted Answer

It is larger and at a steeper angle, making it a more likely pathway for foreign objects

Question 16

Which of the following is a consequence of fluid accumulation in the alveoli, as seen in pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange efficiency decreases

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a component of the blood air barrier?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage plates

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the mucociliary escalator?

Accepted Answer

It sweeps mucus and trapped debris toward the pharynx for swallowing

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct equation for tidal volume?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Tidal Volume} = 	ext{Amount of air moved in a single respiratory cycle}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of anoxia?

Accepted Answer

Cells die quickly, leading to damage from strokes or heart attacks

Chapter 15: The Respiratory System – Structure, Function, and Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions