$$\text{Hematocrit} = \frac{\text{Volume of erythrocytes}}{\text{Total blood volume}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the composition of whole blood after centrifugation?

Accepted Answer

Erythrocytes at the bottom, buffy coat in the middle, plasma at the top

Question 2

A patient is found to have a hematocrit of 65% after using artificial erythropoietin (EPO). What is a likely dangerous consequence of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Blood becomes more viscous, increasing the risk of clotting and stroke

Question 3

Which plasma protein is most responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

A patient with sickle-cell anemia has a mutation in which part of the hemoglobin molecule?

Accepted Answer

Beta chain, position 6

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why erythrocytes are biconcave in shape?

Accepted Answer

To increase their flexibility and surface area for gas exchange

Question 6

During erythropoiesis, which cell type is the immediate precursor to the mature erythrocyte?

Accepted Answer

Reticulocyte

Question 7

A patient with chronic kidney disease is likely to develop anemia because:

Accepted Answer

The kidneys produce less erythropoietin, reducing RBC production

Question 8

Which of the following is a granulocyte and is most abundant in normal blood?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 9

A patient is exposed to an allergen and develops an increased number of which leukocyte?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

Question 11

A person with type AB blood can safely receive blood from which of the following donors?

Accepted Answer

All ABO blood types

Question 12

A woman who is Rh– becomes pregnant with an Rh+ fetus. What is the risk in subsequent pregnancies if she is not treated?

Accepted Answer

Her anti-Rh antibodies may attack the RBCs of an Rh+ fetus

Question 13

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{Volume of erythrocytes}}{	ext{Total blood volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 14

Which of the following best explains the role of fibrin in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

It forms a mesh that traps blood cells and platelets, forming the clot

Question 15

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin K will most likely have problems with which process?

Accepted Answer

Hemostasis (coagulation)

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct match between a leukocyte and its function?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophil – attacks parasitic worms

Question 17

A patient with a high count of band cells (immature neutrophils) is most likely experiencing:

Accepted Answer

An acute bacterial infection

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the fate of the iron from destroyed erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

It is stored in the liver as ferritin or hemosiderin

Question 19

A patient with a genetic deficiency in the enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin would most likely present with which clinical symptom?

Accepted Answer

Prolonged bleeding after injury

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why a person with type O blood is considered a universal donor?

Accepted Answer

Type O blood has no A or B antigens on the erythrocytes

Chapter 16: Blood – Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions