Question 1

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining the colloid osmotic pressure of blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 2

A patient presents with jaundice. Which of the following best explains the physiological cause of jaundice?

Accepted Answer

Elevated levels of bilirubin due to impaired breakdown of heme

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the role of transferrin in the body?

Accepted Answer

It transports iron in the blood to the bone marrow.

Question 4

A blood sample is analyzed and found to have a hematocrit of 30%. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The blood has a lower than normal percentage of red blood cells, suggesting anemia.

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction, platelet plug formation, coagulation

Question 6

A patient with hemophilia A is likely to have a deficiency in which part of the coagulation cascade?

Accepted Answer

Factor VIII

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the fate of old red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

They are phagocytized in the spleen, and their components are recycled or excreted.

Question 8

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating erythropoiesis, and where is it produced?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin, produced in the kidney

Question 9

A patient’s red blood cells appear spiky and crenated under the microscope. Which of the following best explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

The cells were placed in a hypertonic solution.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of platelets?

Accepted Answer

Initiating the formation of a platelet plug during hemostasis

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of fibrinolysis?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of the fibrin mesh by plasmin

Question 12

Which of the following white blood cells is primarily responsible for producing specific immune responses against invaders?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocytes

Question 13

A patient is diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia. Which of the following laboratory findings would you expect?

Accepted Answer

Decreased hemoglobin concentration

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of colony stimulating factors (CSFs)?

Accepted Answer

They regulate the production of white blood cells.

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the composition of plasma?

Accepted Answer

It is about 92% water, 7% proteins, and 1% other solutes.

Question 16

A patient with a genetic mutation affecting the cytoskeleton of red blood cells is most likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Abnormal red blood cell shape and possible hemolytic anemia

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why mature red blood cells lack a nucleus?

Accepted Answer

To allow for increased flexibility and maximize space for hemoglobin

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the extrinsic pathway of coagulation?

Accepted Answer

It is initiated by tissue factor (III) released from injured tissue.

Question 19

A patient with a low platelet count would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty forming blood clots and increased bleeding

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the fate of iron after red blood cell destruction?

Accepted Answer

It is transported by transferrin to the bone marrow for reuse.

Chapter 16: Blood – Structure, Function, and Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions