Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid for transport by the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts that lead to body surfaces or cavities.

Question 2

A patient presents with high blood pressure, hypernatremia, and hypokalemia. Which hormone is most likely being hypersecreted?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 3

Which of the following hormones is produced by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 4

A hydrophilic hormone binds to its receptor on the plasma membrane of a target cell. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events that follows?

Accepted Answer

The receptor activates a G-protein, which then activates adenylate cyclase, leading to the formation of cAMP, which activates protein kinase A.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why steroid hormones generally have longer half-lives than peptide hormones?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones are hydrophobic and often travel bound to plasma proteins, which protects them from rapid degradation.

Question 6

A patient with untreated Graves disease is likely to exhibit which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Weight loss, heat intolerance, and tachycardia

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct example of a negative feedback loop in endocrine regulation?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood glucose stimulates insulin release, which lowers blood glucose, reducing insulin secretion.

Question 8

Which hormone is secreted in response to low blood calcium levels and acts to increase blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts, increasing intestinal absorption, and increasing renal reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 9

A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus is at risk for ketoacidosis because:

Accepted Answer

Glucagon is overproduced, leading to increased ketone body formation from fatty acids.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

ANP causes vasodilation and increases sodium excretion, lowering blood pressure.

Question 11

Which of the following is a direct effect of growth hormone (GH) in the short term?

Accepted Answer

Promotes fat breakdown (lipolysis) and gluconeogenesis, raising blood glucose

Question 12

A patient is found to have a tumor that secretes excess ACTH. Which of the following would you expect to find?

Accepted Answer

Increased cortisol levels and hyperglycemia

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why oral growth hormone supplements are ineffective?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone is a protein hormone and is destroyed by acid and enzymes in the stomach.

Question 14

Which hormone is produced by the pineal gland and is involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 15

A patient with Addison disease is likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Hypoglycemia, low blood pressure, and electrolyte imbalances

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action for hydrophobic hormones such as steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

They diffuse through the plasma membrane, bind to intracellular receptors, and alter gene transcription.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of hormone antagonism?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium, while calcitonin decreases blood calcium.

Question 18

A patient with a pituitary tumor secreting excess growth hormone after epiphyseal plate closure will most likely develop:

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of leptin in the body?

Accepted Answer

Leptin induces satiety by acting on neurons in the hypothalamus, helping to prevent overeating.

Chapter 16: The Endocrine System – Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes

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