Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream without ducts, while exocrine glands use ducts to transport their secretions out of the tissue.

Question 2

Amino acid-based hormones are generally water-soluble. Which of the following is a consequence of this property?

Accepted Answer

They act rapidly but have a short duration of effect.

Question 3

Steroid hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, exert their effects by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to intracellular receptors and directly influencing gene transcription.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a typical effect of hormone action on target cells?

Accepted Answer

Directly increasing the number of mitochondria in all cells.

Question 5

A patient presents with high urine output, extreme thirst, and low blood pressure, but normal blood glucose levels. Which hormone is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 6

Which of the following best explains the mechanism of action for most amino acid-based hormones?

Accepted Answer

They bind to membrane-bound receptors and activate second messenger systems such as cAMP.

Question 7

Which hormone is released in response to low blood calcium levels and acts to increase blood calcium?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 8

A patient with hypersecretion of growth hormone as an adult is most likely to develop:

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Question 9

Which of the following hormones is released by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence for hormonal regulation involving the hypothalamus, pituitary, and thyroid?

Accepted Answer

TRH → TSH → T3/T4/calcitonin

Question 11

Which of the following is a primary effect of cortisol during stress?

Accepted Answer

Promotes gluconeogenesis, increasing blood glucose levels.

Question 12

Which hormone is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response and is released from the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the effect of insulin?

Accepted Answer

Enhances uptake of glucose into cells and lowers blood glucose.

Question 14

A patient with hypersecretion of aldosterone is likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Increased sodium and water reabsorption, leading to high blood pressure.

Question 15

Which hormone is released in response to high blood glucose levels after a meal?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of Grave’s disease?

Accepted Answer

Exophthalmos, fast heartbeat, nervousness, weight loss

Question 17

Which hormone is essential for the development of T lymphocytes and is produced by a gland that shrinks with age?

Accepted Answer

Thymosin

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible outcome of hyposecretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Accepted Answer

Hypocalcemia, muscle tetany, convulsions, and possible death

Question 19

Which hormone delays the onset of puberty and is released in higher amounts at night?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of up-regulation of hormone receptors?

Accepted Answer

Increased receptor density and stronger response

Chapter 16: The Endocrine System – Structure, Function, and Disorders

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards