Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones for the endocrine system

Question 2

A patient presents with chronic fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath. Laboratory results show microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells. Which type of anemia is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Iron-deficiency anemia

Question 3

Which plasma protein is most responsible for maintaining the osmotic pressure of blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

A centrifuged tube of whole blood shows three layers. Which layer contains the majority of leukocytes and platelets?

Accepted Answer

Buffy coat

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why mature erythrocytes are efficient at gas transport?

Accepted Answer

They are biconcave, anucleate, and filled with hemoglobin

Question 6

A patient at high altitude experiences increased erythropoietin (EPO) secretion. Which of the following best describes the physiological reason for this response?

Accepted Answer

Decreased oxygen availability stimulates EPO release

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the reversible binding of oxygen to hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Hb} + 4\mathrm{O}_2 \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{Hb}(\mathrm{O}_2)_4$$

Question 8

A patient with a history of kidney disease develops anemia. Which of the following best explains the mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Decreased production of erythropoietin

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the fate of the heme group from hemoglobin after erythrocyte destruction?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to bilirubin and excreted in bile

Question 10

Which of the following white blood cells is most abundant and is primarily responsible for phagocytizing bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 11

A patient with a genetic mutation in the beta chain of hemoglobin presents with episodes of pain and anemia. Which disorder is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Sickle-cell anemia

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of diapedesis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of leukocytes out of the bloodstream into tissues

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

Question 14

A patient is given warfarin to prevent blood clots. Which vitamin's action is most directly inhibited by this drug?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why individuals with type O blood are considered universal donors?

Accepted Answer

Their red blood cells lack A and B antigens

Question 16

A woman with Rh-negative blood is pregnant with an Rh-positive fetus. Which of the following best describes the risk in subsequent pregnancies?

Accepted Answer

Her anti-Rh antibodies may cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of plasmin in the body?

Accepted Answer

It digests fibrin and dissolves blood clots

Question 18

A patient with a deficiency in factor VIII would most likely be diagnosed with which condition?

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia A

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why polycythemia increases the risk of stroke?

Accepted Answer

Increased red blood cell count raises blood viscosity, slowing blood flow and promoting clot formation

Question 20

A patient with a low platelet count presents with widespread petechiae. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Thrombocytopenia

Chapter 17: Blood – Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards