Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit ($$Hct$$)?

$$Hct = \frac{\text{Volume of RBCs}}{\text{Total Blood Volume}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why erythrocytes are highly efficient at transporting oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Their biconcave shape increases surface area relative to volume.

Question 2

A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and a low hematocrit. Laboratory tests reveal microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Iron-deficiency anemia

Question 3

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating erythropoiesis, and where is it mainly produced?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin; kidneys

Question 4

A person with blood type AB negative (AB–) can safely receive which of the following blood types in a transfusion?

Accepted Answer

O negative (O–)

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of albumin in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a carrier for other molecules, a blood buffer, and maintains osmotic pressure.

Question 6

A patient with chronic kidney disease develops anemia. Which of the following best explains the pathophysiology?

Accepted Answer

Decreased production of erythropoietin leads to reduced RBC synthesis.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm → Platelet plug formation → Coagulation

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the fate of the heme group from hemoglobin after erythrocyte destruction?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to bilirubin and excreted in bile.

Question 9

A patient with a genetic mutation resulting in abnormal beta chains of hemoglobin presents with pain and poor oxygen delivery during exercise. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Sickle-cell anemia

Question 10

Which of the following white blood cells is most numerous and is primarily responsible for phagocytizing bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why vitamin K deficiency can lead to bleeding disorders?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of several clotting factors.

Question 12

A patient is found to have a high white blood cell count with many immature, nonfunctional cells in the blood. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Leukemia

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

They form a temporary plug by sticking to exposed collagen fibers.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the effect of blood doping in athletes?

Accepted Answer

It increases hematocrit, which can enhance oxygen delivery but also increases risk of clotting and stroke.

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit ($$Hct$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$Hct = \frac{	ext{Volume of RBCs}}{	ext{Total Blood Volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 16

A patient with hemophilia A is deficient in which clotting factor?

Accepted Answer

Factor VIII

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why a person with type O blood is considered a universal donor?

Accepted Answer

Type O blood lacks A and B antigens on the RBC surface.

Question 18

Which of the following is a possible consequence of a mismatched blood transfusion?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin released from lysed RBCs can cause renal failure.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of fibrinolysis?

Accepted Answer

It is the enzymatic breakdown of a blood clot by plasmin.

Question 20

Which of the following white blood cells is primarily responsible for combating parasitic infections and modulating allergic responses?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils

Chapter 17: Blood – Structure, Function, and Clinical Aspects

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