Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin during coagulation?

$$\text{Prothrombin} \xrightarrow{\text{Prothrombin Activator}} \text{Thrombin}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of erythrocytes in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Transporting oxygen from the lungs to body tissues

Question 2

A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath. Laboratory tests reveal a low hematocrit and low hemoglobin concentration. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Question 3

Which plasma protein is most abundant and plays a major role in maintaining osmotic pressure in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

A blood sample is centrifuged and separates into three layers. Which layer contains the leukocytes and platelets?

Accepted Answer

The middle buffy coat

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why mature erythrocytes lack mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

To prevent the consumption of oxygen they transport

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Hemocytoblast → proerythroblast → reticulocyte → erythrocyte

Question 7

A person with type A blood has which of the following antibodies in their plasma?

Accepted Answer

Anti-B antibodies

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin during coagulation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Prothrombin} \xrightarrow{	ext{Prothrombin Activator}} 	ext{Thrombin}$$

Question 9

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin K would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired synthesis of clotting factors and increased bleeding

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

They form a temporary plug at the site of blood vessel injury

Question 11

A patient with sickle-cell anemia is most likely to experience which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Increased resistance to malaria

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the plasma protein fibrinogen?

Accepted Answer

Serving as a precursor to fibrin in blood clotting

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why a person with liver disease may develop bleeding disorders?

Accepted Answer

The liver cannot synthesize adequate clotting factors

Question 14

Which of the following white blood cells is primarily responsible for attacking parasitic worms and modulating allergic responses?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils

Question 15

A patient receives a transfusion of mismatched blood. Which of the following is the most immediate risk?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis of donor erythrocytes

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on red blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates the bone marrow to increase erythrocyte production

Question 17

Which of the following equations correctly represents the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin in a single erythrocyte?

Accepted Answer

$$250,000,000 	ext{ Hb molecules} 	imes 4 	ext{ O}_2 = 1,000,000,000 	ext{ O}_2$$ per RBC$

Question 18

Which of the following is a likely consequence of thrombocytopenia?

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous, widespread hemorrhage

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why aspirin is used to prevent thromboembolic disorders?

Accepted Answer

It inhibits thromboxane A2, reducing platelet aggregation

Question 20

A patient with hemophilia A is deficient in which clotting factor?

Accepted Answer

Factor VIII

Chapter 17: Blood – Structure, Function, and Disorders

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