Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin during coagulation?

$$ \text{Prothrombin} + \text{Prothrombin Activator} \rightarrow \text{Thrombin} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of erythrocytes in the human body?

Accepted Answer

To transport oxygen from the lungs to body tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs

Question 2

A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath. Laboratory results show a hematocrit of 30%. Which condition is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Question 3

Which plasma protein is most abundant and primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

A person with type AB blood can safely receive blood from which of the following ABO blood types?

Accepted Answer

Type A, Type B, Type AB, and Type O

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm → Platelet plug formation → Coagulation

Question 6

Which hormone is released by the kidneys in response to hypoxia and stimulates red blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 7

A patient with a genetic mutation resulting in abnormal beta chains of hemoglobin is most likely to develop which condition?

Accepted Answer

Sickle-cell anemia

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why individuals with sickle-cell trait are less likely to contract malaria?

Accepted Answer

The altered hemoglobin structure interferes with the malaria parasite's life cycle

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin during coagulation?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Prothrombin} + 	ext{Prothrombin Activator} ightarrow 	ext{Thrombin} $$

Question 10

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin K would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Impaired synthesis of clotting factors and excessive bleeding

Question 11

Which leukocyte is most abundant in normal blood and is primarily responsible for phagocytizing bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 12

A patient with chronic renal failure develops anemia. Which of the following best explains the physiological basis for this anemia?

Accepted Answer

Decreased production of erythropoietin by the kidneys

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the fate of the heme portion of hemoglobin after erythrocyte destruction?

Accepted Answer

It is degraded to bilirubin, transported to the liver, and excreted in bile

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Initiating the formation of a temporary plug at sites of blood vessel injury

Question 15

A patient receives a mismatched blood transfusion. Which of the following is the most immediate and life-threatening complication?

Accepted Answer

Acute hemolytic reaction leading to renal failure

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why blood is classified as a connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

It consists of living cells suspended in a nonliving matrix (plasma)

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the protein spectrin in erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

It provides flexibility to the cell membrane, allowing RBCs to change shape

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Fibrinogen} + 	ext{Thrombin} ightarrow 	ext{Fibrin} $$

Question 19

A patient with a genetic deficiency in factor VIII would most likely be diagnosed with which disorder?

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia A

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why a person with liver failure may develop bleeding disorders?

Accepted Answer

The liver cannot synthesize adequate clotting factors

Chapter 17: Blood – Structure, Function, and Clinical Aspects

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