Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of erythrocytes in the blood?

Accepted Answer

To transport oxygen from the lungs to body tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs

Question 2

A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath. Laboratory results show a low hematocrit and microcytic, hypochromic erythrocytes. Which type of anemia is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Iron-deficiency anemia

Question 3

Which of the following is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and several other clotting factors?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Question 4

A person with blood type AB- can safely receive which of the following blood types in a transfusion?

Accepted Answer

O-

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why mature erythrocytes are unable to divide or synthesize proteins?

Accepted Answer

They lack a nucleus and organelles

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the reversible reaction catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase in erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \leftrightarrow H_2CO_3 \leftrightarrow H^+ + $$HCO_3$$^-$$

Question 7

A patient with a deficiency in intrinsic factor is most likely to develop which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

They form a temporary plug at the site of blood vessel injury

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the common pathway of coagulation?

Accepted Answer

Prothrombin activator is formed, prothrombin is converted to thrombin, fibrinogen is converted to fibrin

Question 10

A patient with a genetic deficiency of clotting factor VIII would most likely be diagnosed with:

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia A

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why a person living at high altitude may develop secondary polycythemia?

Accepted Answer

Decreased oxygen availability stimulates erythropoietin release

Question 12

Which of the following white blood cells is primarily responsible for combating parasitic worm infections and modulating allergic responses?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophil

Question 13

A patient with a WBC count of 15,000/mm³, predominantly immature blast cells, and frequent infections is most likely suffering from:

Accepted Answer

Acute leukemia

Question 14

Which of the following substances acts as a natural anticoagulant by inhibiting thrombin activity?

Accepted Answer

Heparin

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the fate of the heme portion of hemoglobin after erythrocyte destruction?

Accepted Answer

It is degraded to bilirubin, transported to the liver, and excreted in bile

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why a person with type O blood is considered a universal donor?

Accepted Answer

Type O blood lacks A and B antigens on the erythrocyte surface

Question 17

Which of the following is the most likely consequence of a thrombus forming in a coronary artery?

Accepted Answer

Myocardial infarction (heart attack)

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of albumin in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

It maintains osmotic pressure and transports substances

Question 19

A patient with petechiae, a platelet count of 30,000/mm³, and a history of chemotherapy is most likely suffering from:

Accepted Answer

Thrombocytopenia

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why warfarin (Coumadin) is used as an anticoagulant?

Accepted Answer

It inhibits the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors

Chapter 17: Blood – Structure, Function, and Disorders

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