$$\text{Hematocrit} = \frac{\text{Volume of RBCs}}{\text{Total Blood Volume}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why blood is classified as a connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of living cells suspended in a nonliving matrix (plasma).

Question 2

A patient presents with a hematocrit of 60%. Which condition is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Polycythemia

Question 3

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

A person with type AB blood is considered a universal recipient because:

Accepted Answer

They have no plasma antibodies against A or B antigens.

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm → Platelet plug formation → Coagulation

Question 6

A patient with chronic kidney disease develops anemia. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Decreased erythropoietin production

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of erythropoietin (EPO) in erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

EPO stimulates red bone marrow to increase RBC production.

Question 8

A patient receives a mismatched blood transfusion. Which of the following is the most immediate risk?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis of donor RBCs

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{Volume of RBCs}}{	ext{Total Blood Volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why sickle-cell anemia leads to pain and organ damage?

Accepted Answer

Sickled RBCs rupture easily, causing low oxygen delivery and blockages in small vessels.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of leukocytes?

Accepted Answer

Defending the body against infection

Question 12

A patient with a bleeding disorder is found to have a deficiency in platelets. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Thrombocytopenia

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the fate of iron after erythrocyte destruction?

Accepted Answer

It is stored as ferritin in the liver and reused for erythropoiesis.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the composition of blood?

Accepted Answer

Plasma makes up about 55% of whole blood.

Question 15

A patient with a bleeding ulcer is losing small amounts of blood over several weeks. Which type of anemia is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Chronic hemorrhagic anemia

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of fibrinolysis?

Accepted Answer

Conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, which digests fibrin

Question 17

A patient with a genetic mutation resulting in abnormal hemoglobin is most likely to develop which condition?

Accepted Answer

Sickle-cell anemia

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why athletes might abuse artificial EPO?

Accepted Answer

To increase their hematocrit and oxygen-carrying capacity

Question 19

Which of the following is a possible consequence of a transfusion reaction?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin blocking kidney tubules, leading to renal failure

Question 20

Which of the following vitamins is essential for DNA synthesis during erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Chapter 17: Blood – Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

Study Guide - Practice Questions