Q: Which of the following is the correct sequence for the extrinsic pathway of coagulation?

$$\text{Tissue thromboplastin} \rightarrow \text{Factor VII} \rightarrow \text{Factor V} \rightarrow \text{Factor X}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of erythrocytes in the blood?

Accepted Answer

They transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs.

Question 2

A patient presents with tissue edema and low blood pressure. Laboratory tests reveal low plasma protein levels. Which property of blood is most directly affected in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Osmolarity

Question 3

Which plasma protein is most responsible for maintaining blood osmolarity and viscosity?

Accepted Answer

Albumins

Question 4

A person with type AB- blood can safely receive which of the following blood types in an emergency transfusion (packed cells only, no plasma)?

Accepted Answer

O-

Question 5

Which of the following steps occurs first during erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Proerythroblast forms and responds to erythropoietin

Question 6

A patient with chronic kidney disease develops anemia. Which of the following best explains the mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Decreased production of erythropoietin

Question 7

Which of the following is a direct consequence of polycythemia?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of embolism and stroke

Question 8

A deficiency in which vitamin would most likely result in defective coagulation due to impaired synthesis of clotting factors?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the fate of the heme group from hemoglobin after erythrocyte destruction?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to biliverdin, then bilirubin, and excreted in bile.

Question 10

A newborn develops jaundice due to excessive bilirubin. Which treatment is most effective for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Phototherapy

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of basophils?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of histamine and heparin

Question 12

A patient with hemophilia A is missing which clotting factor?

Accepted Answer

Factor VIII

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why individuals with sickle-cell disease are resistant to malaria?

Accepted Answer

HbS is indigestible to malaria parasites

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the extrinsic pathway of coagulation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Tissue thromboplastin} ightarrow 	ext{Factor VII} ightarrow 	ext{Factor V} ightarrow 	ext{Factor X}$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

They secrete clotting factors, form temporary plugs, and attract WBCs to sites of inflammation.

Question 16

A patient receives a transfusion of mismatched blood. Which of the following is the most immediate and dangerous consequence?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination of donor RBCs, blocking small vessels

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of leukopenia?

Accepted Answer

Low WBC count and increased risk of infection

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why vitamin K deficiency leads to increased bleeding?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of several clotting factors in the liver.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{Volume of RBCs}}{	ext{Total Blood Volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 20

A patient with a genetic lack of factor IX would be diagnosed with which type of hemophilia?

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia B

Chapter 17: The Circulatory System – Blood

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