Question 1

Which layer of the heart wall is responsible for the heart's contractile function?

Accepted Answer

Myocardium

Question 2

What is the primary function of the heart valves?

Accepted Answer

To ensure one-way blood flow

Question 3

During ventricular systole, which valves are closed?

Accepted Answer

Atrioventricular valves

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 5

A patient with valve regurgitation is most likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Blood flows backward in the heart

Question 6

Which structure serves as the electrical insulation between the atria and ventricles?

Accepted Answer

Fibrous skeleton of the heart

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of gap junctions in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

They allow action potentials to move from one cell to the next

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding the pulmonary circuit?

Accepted Answer

It is responsible for gas exchange between blood and air in the lungs

Question 9

Which of the following would most likely result from hyperkalemia?

Accepted Answer

Myocardium becomes less excitable, heart rate slows and becomes irregular

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the cardiac conduction system?

Accepted Answer

SA node → AV node → AV bundle → Bundle branches → Purkinje fibers

Question 11

Which heart sound is associated with the closure of the atrioventricular valves?

Accepted Answer

S1 ('lubb')

Question 12

Which of the following would increase cardiac output according to Starling’s law?

Accepted Answer

Increased preload

Question 13

Which of the following is a negative chronotropic agent?

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic activity

Question 14

A patient presents with chest pain radiating to the arms and neck. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Angina pectoris

Question 15

Which equation represents mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = CO 	imes PR$$

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the refractory period in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

It prevents tetanic contraction and allows the heart to relax between beats

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the fibrous pericardium?

Accepted Answer

Prevents overdistention and acts as an anchor

Question 18

Which of the following would most likely be seen in a patient with congestive heart failure?

Accepted Answer

Blood backs up into the lungs causing pulmonary shortness of breath

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the QRS complex in an ECG?

Accepted Answer

It signals the onset of ventricular contraction

Question 20

Which of the following would most likely result from a blockage in the left coronary artery?

Accepted Answer

Decreased oxygen supply to the left side of the heart

Chapter 17: The Heart – Structure, Function, and Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions