Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid in erythrocytes, catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase?

$$\mathrm{CO}_2 + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \xrightarrow{\text{CAH}} \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{CO}_3$$

Q: Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating hematocrit (packed cell volume)?

$$\text{Hematocrit} = \frac{\text{Volume of RBCs}}{\text{Total blood volume}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of erythrocytes in the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

To transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs

Question 2

A patient presents with tissue edema, low blood pressure, and a swollen abdomen after severe burns. Which plasma protein deficiency is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Hypoproteinemia

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct sequence for erythropoiesis from stem cell to mature erythrocyte?

Accepted Answer

Hematopoietic stem cell → erythrocyte CFU → erythroblast → reticulocyte → erythrocyte

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid in erythrocytes, catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CO}_2 + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \xrightarrow{	ext{CAH}} \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{CO}_3$$

Question 5

A patient with a genetic mutation resulting in abnormal hemoglobin that causes RBCs to become rigid and block small blood vessels is most likely suffering from:

Accepted Answer

Sickle-cell disease

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why type O blood is considered the universal donor for RBC transfusions?

Accepted Answer

Type O RBCs lack both antigen A and antigen B

Question 7

A woman with blood type A negative (A−) is pregnant with a fetus who is A positive (A+). Which of the following complications may arise in subsequent pregnancies if she is not treated with RhoGAM?

Accepted Answer

Hemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-D antibodies crossing the placenta

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of vasoconstrictors to reduce blood loss

Question 9

Which pathway is initiated by tissue thromboplastin (factor III) and involves fewer steps to activate factor X in the coagulation cascade?

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic pathway

Question 10

A patient with a deficiency in factor VIII would most likely be diagnosed with which disorder?

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia A

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of albumin in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

It contributes significantly to blood viscosity and osmotic pressure

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about leukocytes?

Accepted Answer

They retain their organelles for protein synthesis

Question 13

A patient with a WBC count of 3,000/μL is at increased risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Infection due to leukopenia

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why blood viscosity is important in circulatory function?

Accepted Answer

It affects the flow of blood through vessels by influencing resistance

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating hematocrit (packed cell volume)?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{Volume of RBCs}}{	ext{Total blood volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the fate of bilirubin derived from hemoglobin breakdown?

Accepted Answer

It is released into plasma, binds to albumin, and is excreted in bile by the liver

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of eosinophils?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytizing antigen–antibody complexes and releasing enzymes to destroy parasites

Question 18

A patient with a high RBC count, increased blood viscosity, and a hematocrit of 80% is most likely suffering from:

Accepted Answer

Primary polycythemia (polycythemia vera)

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of vitamin K in blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

It is required for the synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X

Chapter 18: The Circulatory System – Blood (Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes)

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