Q: Which of the following equations correctly calculates the blood volume in liters for a person weighing 80 kg?

$$Blood\ Volume = 0.07 \times 80$$

Question 1

After centrifugation of a blood sample, which layer contains the majority of plasma proteins, and what is the approximate percentage of water in this layer?

Accepted Answer

The plasma layer; 92% water

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the function of platelets in the blood?

Accepted Answer

They are membrane-bound cell fragments that contain enzymes and substances important for clotting.

Question 3

A patient has a hematocrit of 42%. What does this value represent?

Accepted Answer

The percentage of formed elements in the blood

Question 4

Which of the following white blood cells is primarily responsible for attacking large parasites and reducing inflammation caused by other cells?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils

Question 5

What is the main function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

To transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly calculates the blood volume in liters for a person weighing 80 kg?

Accepted Answer

$$Blood\ Volume = 0.07 	imes 80$$

Question 7

A blood smear shows cells that are biconcave, anucleate, and about 7.8 µm in diameter. What is the primary advantage of this shape for these cells?

Accepted Answer

It increases surface-area-to-volume ratio for efficient gas exchange.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why a person with type O blood is considered a universal donor?

Accepted Answer

Their red blood cells lack A and B surface antigens.

Question 9

During the process of erythropoiesis, which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating red blood cell production, and where is it produced?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin; kidneys and liver

Question 10

A patient with jaundice is found to have a buildup of which substance, and what is its origin?

Accepted Answer

Bilirubin; breakdown of heme from hemoglobin

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the sequence of events in the three phases of hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular phase → Platelet phase → Coagulation phase

Question 12

Which plasma protein is most abundant and is primarily responsible for maintaining plasma osmolarity?

Accepted Answer

Albumins

Question 13

A patient receives a transfusion of type B blood but has type A blood. What is the most likely immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis of the transfused RBCs

Question 14

Which of the following equations represents the calculation of hematocrit ($$Hct) if $$the volume of packed red blood cells is 2.5 mL and the total blood volume is 5 mL?

Accepted Answer

$$Hct = \frac{2.5}{5} 	imes 100$$

Question 15

Which white blood cell type is most abundant in a normal blood smear and is characterized by a multilobed nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 16

A deficiency in which vitamin would most directly impair the synthesis of clotting factors, leading to increased bleeding risk?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the role of transferrin in iron metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It transports iron in the bloodstream to developing red blood cells.

Question 18

A patient with a genetic deficiency in fibrinogen would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty forming blood clots

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of fibrinolysis?

Accepted Answer

Dissolution of a blood clot by plasmin

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the origin of plasma proteins?

Accepted Answer

More than 90% of plasma proteins are produced by the liver.

Chapter 19: Blood and the Cardiovascular System – Study Notes

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