Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule can be composed of atoms from the same element, while a compound is composed of atoms from different elements.

Question 2

Which element makes up the largest percentage of the human body’s mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 3

An atom has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons. What is its net charge?

Accepted Answer

Neutral

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why sodium and potassium ions are vital for nerve impulses?

Accepted Answer

They are electrolytes that conduct electrical currents in the body.

Question 5

What is the maximum number of electrons that can be held in the second electron shell of an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$8$$

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct description of an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

Question 7

A patient’s blood pH drops from 7.4 to 6.4. By what factor has the hydrogen ion concentration changed?

Accepted Answer

$$100$$

Question 8

Which of the following is a polymer formed by dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Starch

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a buffer’s function in the body?

Accepted Answer

Buffers regulate pH changes by neutralizing acids and bases.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of organic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Lack carbon and are small, simple molecules

Question 11

Which of the following reactions is an example of hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down glycogen into glucose monomers

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared unequally, resulting in a molecule with positive and negative poles

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct molecular formula for water?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a trace element required for enzyme activation?

Accepted Answer

Zinc

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of ATP?

Accepted Answer

ATP is a nucleotide that stores chemical energy for cells.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct example of a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Combining glucose molecules to form glycogen

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of a cation?

Accepted Answer

An atom that has lost electrons and has a positive charge

Question 18

Which of the following is a major function of proteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

Act as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between monomers and polymers?

Accepted Answer

Polymers are chainlike molecules made of many similar or repeating units called monomers.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

A pH above 7 is basic.

Chapter 2: Basic Chemistry – Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions