$$pH = -\log [1 \times 10$$^{-5}$$] = 5$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Question 2

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log [1 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$] = 5$$

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of electrolytes in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They influence water movement, chemical reactivity, and electrical effects on nerve and muscle tissue.

Question 4

What happens to an atom if it gains a neutron?

Accepted Answer

It becomes an isotope.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why water is an effective solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules are polar and form hydration spheres around ions, overpowering ionic bonds.

Question 6

A patient’s blood pH drops to 7.1. What physiological effect is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Tremors, paralysis, or even death due to disruption of physiological functions.

Question 7

Which of the following is true regarding the structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure is determined by hydrogen bonds between carbonyl and amino groups.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Joining monomers to form polymers by removing a water molecule.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct formula for a carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$

Question 10

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in the bonds between its phosphate groups, especially the second and third phosphate.

Question 11

A molecule with the formula $$C_{16}H$$_{32}$$O_2 is $$most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Fatty acid

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a buffer in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A substance that resists changes in pH by releasing or absorbing hydrogen ions.

Question 13

Which of the following is a property of phospholipids that is critical for cell membrane structure?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

Question 14

Which of the following is true about enzymes?

Accepted Answer

They lower activation energy and are specific to their substrates.

Question 15

Which of the following is a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA contains ribose sugar, while DNA contains deoxyribose.

Question 16

A patient is experiencing muscle cramps and cardiac arrhythmias. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Electrolyte imbalance

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

A molecule with slightly positive and negative ends due to unequal sharing of electrons.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of a metabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

A chain of reactions where each step is catalyzed by a different enzyme.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about negative feedback inhibition in biochemical pathways?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a pathway inhibits an enzyme involved early in the pathway.

Question 20

Which of the following is a property of organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

They contain both carbon and hydrogen and are usually larger than inorganic molecules.

Chapter 2: Biochemistry – Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions