Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

An ionic bond involves the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in charged ions, while a covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Question 2

A solution is prepared by dissolving 10 grams of NaCl in enough water to make 1 liter of solution. What is the concentration of NaCl in mg/dL?

Accepted Answer

$100 \, 	ext{mg/dL}$

Question 3

Which of the following statements about water is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Water is a nonpolar solvent, making it excellent at dissolving lipids.

Question 4

A patient is given a buffer solution to stabilize their blood pH. Which of the following best explains how a buffer works?

Accepted Answer

A buffer releases hydrogen ions when pH rises and binds hydrogen ions when pH falls, minimizing changes in pH.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The linear sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct representation of the neutralization reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{HCl} + \mathrm{NaOH} \rightarrow \mathrm{NaCl} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$

Question 7

A molecule of glucose ($\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6$) is classified as which type of compound?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are important in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They act as biological catalysts, lowering the activation energy and increasing the rate of chemical reactions.

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?

Accepted Answer

ATP is a nucleotide that contains three phosphate groups, and energy is released when the terminal phosphate bond is broken.

Question 10

A patient has a blood pH of 7.1. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

The blood is acidic.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a phospholipid's structure and its importance in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have a polar head and two nonpolar tails, allowing them to form bilayers that make up cell membranes.

Question 12

Which of the following is a property of a nonpolar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Equal sharing of electrons between atoms, resulting in a balanced charge distribution.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why water has a high surface tension?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules create a strong cohesive force at the surface.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of an exergonic reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration to release energy.

Question 15

A molecule of DNA is composed of which of the following components?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogenous base, deoxyribose sugar, and phosphate group.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the body?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol is a steroid that is a precursor for vitamin D, steroid hormones, and bile salts, and is an important component of cell membranes.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes have active sites with unique shapes that only fit specific substrates.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating pH?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{pH} = -\log_{10}[\mathrm{H}^+]$

Question 19

A protein is exposed to high heat and loses its three-dimensional structure. What is this process called, and what is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation; the protein will lose its function.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Chapter 2: Chemistry Comes Alive – Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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