$$\text{Mass number} = \text{Number of protons} + \text{Number of neutrons}$$

$$\text{pH} = -\log_{10}[\text{H}^+]$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic and potential energy in the context of human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is the energy in action, such as blood flow, while potential energy is stored energy, such as in ATP molecules.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with acidosis. Which of the following best explains the change in their blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Their blood pH has decreased below 6.99, indicating an acidic condition.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of mass number for an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Mass number} = 	ext{Number of protons} + 	ext{Number of neutrons}$$

Question 4

A molecule of water exhibits which of the following properties that are crucial for cellular function?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity and polar solvent properties

Question 5

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of buffers in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Buffers resist abrupt changes in pH by converting strong acids and bases into weak ones.

Question 7

A solution contains a mixture of proteins and water. Over time, the proteins settle to the bottom. This mixture is best classified as:

Accepted Answer

A suspension

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct description of the structure of a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

One glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acids

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{pH} = -\log_{10}[	ext{H}^+]$$

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a property of water that makes it vital for life?

Accepted Answer

Non-polar solvent properties

Question 11

A patient is experiencing muscle cramps due to an electrolyte imbalance. Which property of salts is most directly related to this condition?

Accepted Answer

Salts dissociate into cations and anions, which conduct electrical currents.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Monomers are joined to form polymers by removing water.

Question 13

Which of the following is a storage polysaccharide found in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a major class of organic compounds found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Salts

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes act as biological catalysts, lowering the activation energy.

Question 16

Which of the following correctly identifies the components of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, phosphate group

Question 17

Which of the following statements about RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

RNA is single stranded and uses uracil instead of thymine.

Question 18

A protein's tertiary structure is primarily determined by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The folding and coiling due to interactions among R groups

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the cell’s source of immediately usable energy?

Accepted Answer

ATP releases energy quickly when its phosphate bonds are broken.

Question 20

A patient is given a strong acid intravenously. Which blood buffer system will help resist a dangerous drop in pH?

Accepted Answer

Carbonic acid–bicarbonate system

Chapter 2: Chemistry Comes Alive – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions