Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the location and properties of electrons in an atom?

Accepted Answer

Electrons orbit the nucleus within the electron cloud and are much lighter than protons.

Question 2

A patient receives a PET scan using fluorodeoxyglucose labeled with Fluorine-18. What property of Fluorine-18 makes it useful for this diagnostic procedure?

Accepted Answer

It is a radioisotope that emits subatomic particles detectable by imaging.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents a hydrolysis reaction involved in the breakdown of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$AB + H_2O \rightarrow AH + BOH$$

Question 4

What is the primary function of glycogen in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It acts as the main storage polysaccharide for glucose.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why water is a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen has a higher electronegativity, causing unequal sharing of electrons.

Question 6

A sodium atom loses one electron. What is the resulting ion called and what is its charge?

Accepted Answer

A cation with a charge of +1

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Providing insulation to slow heat loss

Question 8

Which equation represents a reversible reaction commonly found in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

$$A + B \leftrightarrow AB$$

Question 9

What is the significance of the quaternary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

It results from interactions between two or more polypeptides forming a protein complex.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about pH and homeostasis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Blood pH is regulated by negative feedback mechanisms involving respiration and kidney filtration.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct example of a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$AH + BOH \rightarrow AB + H_2O$$

Question 12

Which macromolecule is composed of monomers called nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 13

What is the main difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds, causing bends in their tails.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A double helix formed by two complementary strands held together by hydrogen bonds

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct chemical equation for an exchange reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$AB + CD \rightarrow AD + CB$$

Question 16

A patient is diagnosed with acidosis. Which of the following best describes their blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Blood pH is below 7.35

Question 17

Which of the following is true about enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for biochemical reactions.

Question 18

Which of the following is a trace element in the human body with a poorly understood function?

Accepted Answer

Zinc (Zn)

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a property of ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

They involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores and releases energy through high-energy phosphate bonds.

Chapter 2: The Chemical Level of Organization – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards