Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between an element and a compound?

Accepted Answer

An element is a substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means, while a compound is formed when two or more atoms from different elements combine by chemical bonding.

Question 2

A carbon atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number: 6, Mass number: 12

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

The oxygen atom in water has a higher electronegativity, causing electrons to spend more time around it and creating partial charges.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the dissociation of water into ions?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{H_2O} \leftrightarrow \mathrm{H^+} + \mathrm{OH^-}$$

Question 5

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct statement about ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds are formed when electrons are transferred from a metal atom to a nonmetal atom, resulting in cations and anions.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy and speed up reactions without being consumed.

Question 8

Which of the following is a catabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{AB} \rightarrow \mathrm{A} + \mathrm{B}$$

Question 9

Which property of water is most responsible for its ability to act as a lubricant between two adjacent surfaces?

Accepted Answer

Ability to reduce friction due to its molecular structure

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a buffer system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A buffer system resists changes in pH by consisting of a weak acid and its corresponding anion.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct example of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Linking two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide and releasing a molecule of water.

Question 12

Which of the following is true about saturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

They are solid at room temperature and have no double bonds between carbon atoms.

Question 13

Which of the following is a major element found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Carbon

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the amphiphilic nature of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have a hydrophilic phosphate head and hydrophobic fatty acid tails.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about DNA structure?

Accepted Answer

DNA is composed of two strands forming a double helix, held together by hydrogen bonds between bases.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

As enzymes, structural roles, movement, immune system, and fuel

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between potential and kinetic energy?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is stored energy that can be released, while kinetic energy is energy that has been released and is in motion.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about ATP in human cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP is synthesized from ADP and phosphate using energy from oxidation of fuels.

Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life – Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards