Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of lymphatic vessels in fluid homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

They collect excess interstitial fluid and return it to the cardiovascular system.

Question 2

A patient undergoes surgical removal of axillary lymph nodes during breast cancer treatment and later develops swelling in her arm. What is the most likely explanation for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Blockage of lymphatic vessels, leading to lymphedema.

Question 3

Which lymphatic structure is responsible for absorbing dietary fats in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Lacteals

Question 4

Which of the following is a key difference between lymphatic capillaries and blood capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic capillaries are blind-ended and only move fluid away from tissues.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of lymph nodes in immunity?

Accepted Answer

They filter lymph, trapping pathogens and presenting them to immune cells.

Question 6

A patient with a genetic defect in the production of complement proteins would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of infections due to impaired innate immunity.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the spleen’s red pulp?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of old erythrocytes by macrophages.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why the thymus is larger and more active in children than in adults?

Accepted Answer

Children require more T cell production for developing immunity.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the activation of the classical complement pathway?

Accepted Answer

Antibody binds antigen $$\rightarrow$$ complement proteins bind antibody $$\rightarrow$$ enzymatic cascade $$\rightarrow$$ activation of C3b

Question 10

A patient is exposed to a viral infection. Which cell type is primarily responsible for killing infected cells by releasing perforin and enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T (TC) cells

Question 11

Which antibody class is most effective at agglutination due to its structure, and is the first secreted during a primary immune response?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of opsonization?

Accepted Answer

Coating of pathogens by antibodies or complement to enhance phagocytosis.

Question 13

A patient receives a kidney transplant from a genetically non-identical donor. Which immune process is most likely to threaten the survival of the graft?

Accepted Answer

Activation of cytotoxic T cells against foreign MHC antigens.

Question 14

Which of the following is a cardinal sign of inflammation that results directly from increased capillary permeability?

Accepted Answer

Swelling (edema)

Question 15

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for inhibiting viral replication inside host cells?

Accepted Answer

Interferons

Question 16

A child is exposed to chickenpox for the first time and develops symptoms after several days. Which phase of the immune response is responsible for the delay in antibody production?

Accepted Answer

Primary immune response lag phase

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why antihistamines are effective in treating allergy symptoms?

Accepted Answer

They block histamine receptors, preventing pro-inflammatory effects.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of memory B cells in immunological memory?

Accepted Answer

They respond rapidly and efficiently to subsequent exposures to the same antigen.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of a hapten causing an immune response?

Accepted Answer

Urushiol from poison ivy binding to skin proteins and triggering T cell activation.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why a person with AIDS is more susceptible to opportunistic infections?

Accepted Answer

HIV destroys CD4+ T cells, impairing both cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity.

Chapter 20: The Lymphatic System and Immunity – Structured Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards