Question 1

Which of the following correctly describes the flow of blood through the pulmonary circuit?

Accepted Answer

RV → Pulmonary trunk/arteries → Lungs → Pulmonary veins → LA

Question 2

A patient presents with a heart murmur. Which of the following best explains the physiological cause of a heart murmur?

Accepted Answer

Turbulent blood flow due to abnormal valve function

Question 3

Which layer of the heart wall is responsible for the contractile force of the heart and is the thickest?

Accepted Answer

Myocardium

Question 4

During ventricular systole, which valves are closed and which are open?

Accepted Answer

AV valves closed, semilunar valves open

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the sequence of electrical conduction in the heart?

Accepted Answer

SA node → AV node → AV bundle → Bundle branches → Purkinje fibers

Question 6

If the left ventricle (LV) fails to contract effectively, which of the following would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

Decreased blood flow to the systemic circulation

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the pericardium is correct?

Accepted Answer

The visceral serous layer is also known as the epicardium

Question 8

Which chamber of the heart has the thickest wall, and why?

Accepted Answer

Left ventricle, because it pumps blood to the entire body

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Increases heart rate and contractility via NE on β1 receptors

Question 10

A patient has damage to the vagus nerve. What effect would this have on heart function?

Accepted Answer

Heart rate would increase due to loss of parasympathetic inhibition

Question 11

Which of the following equations best represents cardiac output ($$CO$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 12

During the cardiac cycle, what event corresponds to the 'lub' (S1) sound?

Accepted Answer

AV valves closing

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a feature of cardiac muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Multinucleated cells

Question 14

If the SA node fails, which structure can take over as the pacemaker of the heart?

Accepted Answer

AV node

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the flow of blood through the coronary veins?

Accepted Answer

Great, Middle, Small cardiac veins → Coronary sinus → RA

Question 16

A patient has a blockage in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. Which area of the heart is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Anterior wall of the left ventricle

Question 17

Which of the following valves prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium?

Accepted Answer

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the anatomical orientation of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Apex is left/inferior; base is superior/posterior

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of acetylcholine (ACh) on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Decreases heart rate via M2 receptors

Chapter 21: The Cardiovascular System – The Heart (Study Notes)

Study Guide - Practice Questions