Q: Which of the following equations represents the effect of fever on metabolic rate ($$MR) if $$the normal rate is $$MR_0$$ and fever increases it by $$x\%$$?

$$MR = MR_0$ \times (1 + \frac{x}{100})$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

To defend the body from disease-causing organisms and cancerous cells.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a component of the innate immune system's first line of defense?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytes

Question 3

A patient presents with redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function in their hand after an injury. These symptoms are collectively known as:

Accepted Answer

Cardinal signs of inflammation

Question 4

Which cell type is responsible for killing virus-infected and cancer cells before the adaptive immune system is activated?

Accepted Answer

Natural Killer (NK) cells

Question 5

During phagocytosis, what is the process called when a phagocyte marks a cell for destruction?

Accepted Answer

Opsonization

Question 6

Which of the following is a benefit of fever during an infection?

Accepted Answer

Promotes interferon activity and speeds healing.

Question 7

The complement system can be activated by three pathways. Which pathway is triggered by antibodies binding to a target cell?

Accepted Answer

Classical pathway

Question 8

Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of antigenic determinants ($$n) $$and the number of possible antibody binding sites ($$m) on an $$antigen?

Accepted Answer

$$m = n$$

Question 9

A person with Type AB blood has which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Has A and B antigens, but no plasma antibodies.

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE regarding adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

It has specificity and memory.

Question 11

Which step in phagocyte mobilization involves neutrophils clinging to the capillary wall at the site of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Margination

Question 12

Interferons are secreted by cells that have been invaded by a virus. What is their primary function?

Accepted Answer

Prevent multiplication of viruses and activate NK cells and macrophages.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a 'hapten'?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that has reactivity but not immunogenicity.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Suppress the immune response.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of opsonization in the complement system?

Accepted Answer

Coats pathogen surfaces, enhancing phagocytosis.

Question 16

A patient with a chronic infection is found to have increased levels of complement proteins. Which of the following is a likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced inflammation, increased opsonization, and cytolysis.

Question 17

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of adaptive immunity compared to innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

It recognizes specific antigens and has memory.

Question 18

Which of the following equations represents the effect of fever on metabolic rate ($$MR) if $$the normal rate is $$MR_0$$ and fever increases it by $$x\%$$?

Accepted Answer

$$MR = MR_0$ 	imes (1 + \frac{x}{100})$$

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about the humoral immune response?

Accepted Answer

It involves B lymphocytes producing antibodies.

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins?

Accepted Answer

They are glycoproteins that hold self or foreign antigens for recognition by lymphocytes.

Chapter 21: The Immune System – Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses

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