Question 1

Which structure is primarily responsible for moistening and warming inhaled air during respiration?

Accepted Answer

Nasal conchae

Question 2

A patient presents with frequent nosebleeds originating from the lower nasal septum. Which tissue is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Erectile tissue of the inferior concha

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of cilia in the respiratory mucosa?

Accepted Answer

Sweep debris-laden mucus into the pharynx to be swallowed

Question 4

During forced expiration, which muscles are primarily involved?

Accepted Answer

Abdominal muscles and internal intercostals

Question 5

Which equation best represents the pressure gradient required for pulmonary ventilation?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta P = P_{atm} - P_{alv}$$

Question 6

Which cell type in the alveolus is responsible for gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

Type I: Squamous alveolar cells

Question 7

A child aspirates a small toy. Which bronchus is the toy most likely to enter and why?

Accepted Answer

Right primary bronchus, because it is wider and more vertical

Question 8

Which structure prevents food and drink from entering the airway during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the pleural fluid?

Accepted Answer

Increasing surface tension to prevent lung inflation

Question 10

Which region of the pharynx receives auditory tubes and contains the pharyngeal tonsil?

Accepted Answer

Nasopharynx

Question 11

Which equation describes the relationship between pressure, volume, and airflow in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

$$F = \frac{\Delta P}{R}$$

Question 12

Which anatomical feature allows infants to breathe while swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Higher position of the larynx in the throat

Question 13

Which of the following is a defensive role of the respiratory mucosa?

Accepted Answer

Trapping inhaled particles in mucus

Question 14

Which structure forms the floor of the thoracic cavity and is essential for inspiration?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Question 15

Which equation best represents the relationship between partial pressure of oxygen in alveoli and blood?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{O_2$,alv} \u003e P_{O_2$,blood}$$

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the lobes of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

The right lung has three lobes and the left lung has two lobes

Question 17

Which cell type in the alveolus secretes surfactant to lower surface tension?

Accepted Answer

Type II: Great alveolar cells

Question 18

Which neural structures are responsible for controlling unconscious breathing?

Accepted Answer

Medulla oblongata and pons

Question 19

Which anatomical feature is most likely to be damaged during a tracheotomy, requiring air to be filtered and humidified?

Accepted Answer

Tracheal mucosa

Question 20

Which equation best represents the relationship between lung inflation and pleural pressure?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{pleural} \u003c P_{atm}$$

Chapter 22: The Respiratory System – Structure and Function

Study Guide - Practice Questions