Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

To supply tissues with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

Question 2

Which anatomical structure is responsible for preventing food from entering the trachea during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 3

A patient presents with hoarseness and difficulty speaking after a viral infection. Which structure is most likely inflamed?

Accepted Answer

Vocal folds (true vocal cords)

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nasal conchae (turbinates)?

Accepted Answer

Serving as the main site of gas exchange

Question 5

Which of the following bones does NOT contribute to the external bony structure of the nose?

Accepted Answer

Mandible

Question 6

The respiratory mucosa lining most of the nasal cavity is composed of which type of epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the paranasal sinuses?

Accepted Answer

Lightening the skull and helping to warm and moisten air

Question 8

A patient with rhinitis is most likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa

Question 9

Which region of the pharynx serves only as a passageway for air and contains the pharyngeal tonsil?

Accepted Answer

Nasopharynx

Question 10

Which of the following structures is the last part of the conducting zone before air enters the respiratory zone?

Accepted Answer

Terminal bronchioles

Question 11

Which cell type in the alveoli is responsible for producing surfactant to reduce surface tension?

Accepted Answer

Type II alveolar cells

Question 12

Gas exchange between air and blood occurs across which structure?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory membrane

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the order of airflow from the nasal cavity to the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity → pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli

Question 14

Which cartilage forms the laryngeal prominence, also known as the 'Adam’s apple'?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid cartilage

Question 15

A person inhales a small particle that becomes trapped in the mucus of the nasal cavity. Which structure is primarily responsible for moving this mucus toward the pharynx?

Accepted Answer

Cilia of the pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the conducting and respiratory zones?

Accepted Answer

The conducting zone warms, humidifies, and filters air

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the trachea is reinforced with C-shaped cartilages?

Accepted Answer

To keep the airway open while allowing the esophagus to expand during swallowing

Question 18

A patient with a blocked eustachian (pharyngotympanic) tube may experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Ear pressure or pain

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the four basic processes of respiration?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary ventilation → Pulmonary gas exchange → Gas transport → Tissue gas exchange

Question 20

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen ($$P_{O_2$}) $$and its diffusion across the respiratory membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$J = D \frac{(P_{O_2$, alveolus} - P_{O_2$, blood})}{d}$$

Chapter 22: The Respiratory System – Structure and Function

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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