Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of Type II alveolar cells in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

They secrete surfactant to reduce surface tension in the alveoli.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing difficulty with gas exchange due to thickening of the respiratory membrane. Which structures are directly involved in forming this membrane?

Accepted Answer

Type I alveolar cells and capillary endothelial cells

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the chemical reaction catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \xrightleftharpoons{carbonic\ anhydrase} H_2CO_3 \xrightleftharpoons{} $$HCO_3^- + H$$^+$$

Question 4

During vigorous exercise, the body produces more $$CO_2. $$How does the respiratory system help maintain blood pH in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

By increasing the rate and depth of breathing to eliminate more $$CO_2$$

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nasal conchae (turbinates)?

Accepted Answer

Producing surfactant for the alveoli

Question 6

A child has an infection in the pharyngeal tonsil. In which part of the pharynx is this structure located?

Accepted Answer

Nasopharynx

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why the trachea contains C-shaped cartilage rings?

Accepted Answer

To allow for expansion of the esophagus during swallowing

Question 8

A patient with a blocked left main (primary) bronchus would experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Reduced airflow to the left lung, affecting all lobes of the left lung

Question 9

Which of the following structures is the last part of the conducting zone before air enters the respiratory zone?

Accepted Answer

Terminal bronchioles

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the pleurae is correct?

Accepted Answer

The pleurae are double-layered membranes that reduce friction between the lungs and thoracic wall.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between the conducting zone and the respiratory zone of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

The conducting zone carries, filters, humidifies, and warms air, while the respiratory zone is the site of gas exchange.

Question 12

A patient with a genetic defect in surfactant production is most likely to experience which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Collapse of alveoli due to increased surface tension

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the respiratory system that directly affects blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

Production of angiotensin II

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the tissue lining the oropharynx?

Accepted Answer

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 15

A person inhales a small particle that reaches the alveoli. Which cell type is primarily responsible for removing this particle?

Accepted Answer

Alveolar macrophages

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct sequence of airflow from the trachea to the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Trachea → Primary bronchus → Secondary bronchus → Tertiary bronchus → Terminal bronchiole → Respiratory bronchiole → Alveolar duct → Alveoli

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the left lung has only two lobes while the right lung has three?

Accepted Answer

The left lung is smaller to accommodate the heart's cardiac notch.

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct result of the respiratory system's role in controlling blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Elimination of $$CO_2$$ decreases the concentration of $$H^+$$ ions in the blood.

Question 19

A patient with a blocked pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube may experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty equalizing pressure in the middle ear

Chapter 22: The Respiratory System – Structure and Function

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