Q: Which of the following formulas is used to calculate the percentage of predicted lung capacity?

$$\text{Lung Capacity} = \frac{\text{FVC (actual)}}{\text{FVC (predicted)}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following structures is responsible for preventing food from entering the trachea during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 2

A patient presents with difficulty exhaling air quickly, but their total lung capacity is normal. Which type of pulmonary disorder is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Obstructive disorder

Question 3

Which histological feature is characteristic of the trachea and helps trap and remove particles from inspired air?

Accepted Answer

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid in the blood?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \rightarrow H_2CO_3$$

Question 5

A CT scan reveals a breakdown of alveolar walls and abnormally large air spaces. Which disease is most consistent with these findings?

Accepted Answer

Emphysema

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the nasal conchae?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area for warming and humidifying air.

Question 7

A patient with pulmonary fibrosis would most likely show which of the following changes in their lung function test results?

Accepted Answer

Decreased FVC, normal FEV1/FVC ratio

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct order of airflow through the respiratory tract, starting from the nasal cavity?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity → Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea

Question 9

Which lung lobe is absent on the left side due to the presence of the cardiac notch?

Accepted Answer

Right middle lobe

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the histological lining of the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 11

A patient with asthma is experiencing bronchoconstriction and increased mucus production. Which of the following best explains the effect on their FEV1?

Accepted Answer

FEV1 will decrease due to increased airway resistance.

Question 12

Which structure marks the bifurcation of the trachea into the primary bronchi?

Accepted Answer

Carina

Question 13

Which of the following formulas is used to calculate the percentage of predicted lung capacity?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Lung Capacity} = \frac{	ext{FVC (actual)}}{	ext{FVC (predicted)}} 	imes 100$$

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the paranasal sinuses?

Accepted Answer

Directly facilitating gas exchange

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the effect of emphysema on alveolar structure and gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

Decreased surface area due to breakdown of alveolar walls

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the trachealis muscle?

Accepted Answer

It contracts to narrow the trachea during coughing.

Question 17

A patient has a reduced FEV1 and a reduced FEV1/FVC ratio. Which of the following conditions is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Obstructive lung disease

Question 18

Which of the following is a flow rate, not a volume, in pulmonary function testing?

Accepted Answer

FEF25-75%

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of goblet cells in the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

They secrete mucus to trap dust and microbes.

Question 20

A patient with a severe allergic reaction experiences swelling of the laryngeal mucosa. Which structure is most at risk of being obstructed, leading to life-threatening airway compromise?

Accepted Answer

Glottis

Chapter 22: The Respiratory System – Structure, Histology, and Function

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards