$$\mathrm{BMI} = \dfrac{\text{weight (kg)}}{\text{height (m)}^2}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes an 'essential' nutrient?

Accepted Answer

A nutrient that must be consumed in the diet because the body cannot synthesize it.

Question 2

Which equation correctly represents the complete aerobic breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 3

A patient is fasting and has depleted their glycogen stores. Which metabolic pathway will primarily provide glucose?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 4

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating glycogenolysis in the liver during the postabsorptive state?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 5

Which of the following statements about dietary fiber is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It absorbs water, softens stool, and stimulates peristalsis.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why fat is considered 'protein sparing'?

Accepted Answer

Fat is used for energy before protein, preserving muscle tissue.

Question 7

A person has a total cholesterol level of 250 mg/dL, high LDL, and low HDL. What is the most likely health risk?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease

Question 8

Which of the following is a complete protein source?

Accepted Answer

Eggs

Question 9

What is the primary function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the body?

Accepted Answer

Transport cholesterol from tissues to the liver for elimination

Question 10

Which hormone is secreted by adipocytes and acts to decrease appetite?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Question 11

A patient with a leptin receptor defect is likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Increased appetite despite high leptin levels

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly calculates Body Mass Index (BMI)?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{BMI} = \dfrac{	ext{weight (kg)}}{	ext{height (m)}^2}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of minerals in the body?

Accepted Answer

Act as cofactors for enzymes

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of insulin during the absorptive state?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates cellular uptake of glucose and synthesis of glycogen, fat, and protein

Question 15

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 16

A person on a low-carbohydrate diet begins to break down fats for energy. Which metabolic process is most active?

Accepted Answer

Lipolysis

Question 17

Which of the following is a likely consequence of a diet containing less than 20 g of fat per day?

Accepted Answer

Deficiency in fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K)

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why complex carbohydrates are preferred over simple sugars in the diet?

Accepted Answer

Complex carbohydrates provide additional nutrients and fiber, while simple sugars are mostly empty calories.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the basal metabolic rate (BMR) is correct?

Accepted Answer

BMR is the amount of energy used by the body at rest, awake, fasting, and at a comfortable temperature.

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of plasma proteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

Maintain blood osmolarity and viscosity

Chapter 24: Nutrition, Metabolism, and Energy Balance – ANP College Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions