$$\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\text{CO}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{ATP}$$

$$\text{Pyruvic acid} + \text{CoA} + \text{NAD}^+ \rightarrow \text{Acetyl CoA} + \text{CO}_2 + \text{NADH}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes metabolism?

Accepted Answer

The sum of all chemical reactions occurring in the body cells

Question 2

Which cells rely entirely on glucose for energy and die quickly without it?

Accepted Answer

Neurons and red blood cells

Question 3

What is the end product of carbohydrate digestion?

Accepted Answer

Glucose and other sugars

Question 4

Which metabolic pathway is responsible for the breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 5

During the catabolism of triglycerides, what process do fatty acids undergo in the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Beta oxidation

Question 6

Which equation best represents the process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 6	ext{CO}_2 + 6	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 7

Which hormone increases basal metabolic rate by increasing oxygen consumption and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine

Question 8

What happens to excess dietary protein in the body?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids are oxidized for energy or converted to fat for storage

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of an anabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins from amino acids

Question 10

Which process is illustrated by the equation $$	ext{Protein} ightarrow 	ext{Amino Acids}$$?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism

Question 11

Which of the following statements about essential nutrients is correct?

Accepted Answer

They must be eaten because the body cannot synthesize them from other nutrients

Question 12

Which metabolic pathway produces the most ATP during the complete oxidation of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 13

What is the primary function of adipose tissue in the body?

Accepted Answer

Protection, insulation, and fuel storage

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

Question 15

Which equation represents the conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Pyruvic acid} + 	ext{CoA} + 	ext{NAD}^+ ightarrow 	ext{Acetyl CoA} + 	ext{CO}_2 + 	ext{NADH}$$

Question 16

Which process is responsible for removing the amine group from amino acids, producing ammonia and urea?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative deamination

Question 17

Which of the following factors increases basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Accepted Answer

Increased body temperature

Question 18

Which pathway is used for the breakdown of fatty acids to generate acetyl CoA?

Accepted Answer

Beta oxidation

Question 19

What is the main fate of energy liberated during food oxidation?

Accepted Answer

It is immediately lost as heat (~60%)

Question 20

Which vitamin can be synthesized in the skin and does not need to be ingested?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Chapter 24: Nutrition, Metabolism, and Energy Balance – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions