Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number in the resulting daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two diploid cells, while meiosis produces four haploid cells.

Question 2

Which structure in the male reproductive system is responsible for the production of sperm and secretion of testosterone?

Accepted Answer

Testes

Question 3

During which phase of meiosis does crossing over between homologous chromosomes occur, increasing genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I

Question 4

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating spermatogenesis in the testes?

Accepted Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 5

A patient has a blockage in the ductus (vas) deferens. Which process would be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Sperm transport to the urethra

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why gametes are haploid?

Accepted Answer

They are produced by meiosis, which reduces the chromosome number by half.

Question 7

Which accessory gland produces a fluid rich in fructose and prostaglandins, contributing to semen volume?

Accepted Answer

Seminal vesicle

Question 8

Which layer of the uterine wall is shed during menstruation?

Accepted Answer

Functional layer of the endometrium

Question 9

What is the correct sequence for the pathway of sperm from production to ejaculation?

Accepted Answer

Seminiferous tubules → epididymis → ductus deferens → ejaculatory duct → urethra

Question 10

Which event triggers ovulation in the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

A surge in luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the blood-testis barrier formed by sustentacular (Sertoli) cells?

Accepted Answer

It prevents an immune response against antigens on developing sperm cells.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of progesterone in the female reproductive cycle?

Accepted Answer

Prepares the endometrium for possible pregnancy

Question 13

A woman is tracking her cervical mucus to predict fertility. What change in the mucus indicates she is most fertile?

Accepted Answer

It becomes thinner and more alkaline.

Question 14

Which of the following is a key difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Oogenesis produces one mature ovum per cycle, while spermatogenesis produces millions of sperm daily.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why a vasectomy is an effective method of birth control?

Accepted Answer

It blocks the transport of sperm through the ductus deferens.

Question 16

Which sexually transmitted infection is caused by a virus and can lead to genital warts?

Accepted Answer

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Question 17

A patient presents with inflammation and discharge from the reproductive tract. Which type of STI is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

A bacterial or parasitic STI such as gonorrhea or trichomoniasis

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the chromosome number change during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$2n \rightarrow n$$

Question 19

Which structure in the female reproductive system is homologous to the male glans penis?

Accepted Answer

Clitoris

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis, secretion, and ejection of milk

Chapter 26: The Reproductive System – Structure, Function, and Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions