Q: Which equation correctly represents osmolarity, the total concentration of solute particles in a solution?

$$\text{Osmolarity} = \frac{\text{Number of solute particles}}{\text{Volume of solution}}$$

Q: Which equation best represents the relationship between hydrostatic and osmotic pressure when there is no net movement of water across the membrane?

$$P_{\text{hydrostatic}} = P_{\text{osmotic}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in human cells?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a flexible boundary that actively controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Question 2

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink as water leaves the cell, a process called crenation.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents osmolarity, the total concentration of solute particles in a solution?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Osmolarity} = \frac{	ext{Number of solute particles}}{	ext{Volume of solution}}$$

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of integral membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

They act as enzymes, transporters, and receptors for signal transduction.

Question 5

A patient with severe burns is at risk of losing fluids, proteins, and ions from damaged cells. Which property of the plasma membrane is compromised in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Selective permeability

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water moves from areas of low solute concentration to areas of high solute concentration during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Water moves to dilute the higher concentration of solutes, balancing osmolarity.

Question 7

Which of the following is true regarding the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It moves sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients using ATP.

Question 8

Which type of cell junction allows electrical signals to pass quickly from one cell to the next, especially in cardiac and smooth muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 9

A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and may burst due to water influx.

Question 10

Which process involves the engulfment of solid particles by the cell, forming a vesicle called a phagosome?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of the glycocalyx in cell biology?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a biological marker for cell-to-cell recognition and allows the immune system to distinguish 'self' from 'nonself'.

Question 12

Which equation best represents the relationship between hydrostatic and osmotic pressure when there is no net movement of water across the membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{	ext{hydrostatic}} = P_{	ext{osmotic}}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)?

Accepted Answer

Produce ATP for cellular energy

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses carrier or channel proteins to move substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of autophagy?

Accepted Answer

It is the process of disposing of nonfunctional organelles and cytoplasmic bits by forming autophagosomes, which are later degraded by lysosomes.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about membrane potential is correct?

Accepted Answer

Membrane potential is produced by the separation of oppositely charged particles across the plasma membrane.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Uptake of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) such as cholesterol attached to a transport protein

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the genetic theory of cell aging?

Accepted Answer

Cell aging is programmed into genes, and telomeres act as an hourglass for cell division.

Question 19

Which of the following is a consequence of telomerase activity in cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells become immortal by lengthening their telomeres.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of progeria on cells?

Accepted Answer

Progeria results in an unstable, abnormal nucleus due to defective progerin protein in the nuclear lamina.

Chapter 3: Cells – The Living Units (Mini-Textbook Study Notes)

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