Question 1

Which organelle, visible in the first image, is primarily responsible for ATP production through aerobic respiration in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 2

In the context of the plasma membrane, which component is most responsible for the selective permeability of the membrane, as depicted in the images?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 3

Which type of membrane transport is illustrated in the sixth image, where a solute moves down its concentration gradient with the help of a protein carrier?

Accepted Answer

Carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion

Question 4

The process shown in the seventh image, involving the movement of sodium and potassium ions against their concentration gradients, is best described by which equation?

Accepted Answer

$$3\mathrm{Na^+_{in}} + 2\mathrm{K^+_{out}} + ATP \rightarrow 3\mathrm{Na^+_{out}} + 2\mathrm{K^+_{in}} + ADP + P_i$$

Question 5

Which cytoskeletal element, shown in the eleventh image, is primarily composed of actin and is involved in cell movement and shape changes?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments

Question 6

The process depicted in the eighth image, where a cell engulfs a large particle, is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 7

Which organelle, shown in the ninth image, is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 8

In the context of the plasma membrane, which type of protein is depicted in the second image, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Integral protein; transport

Question 9

The fifth image shows two beakers with different concentrations of dye. Which principle of membrane transport does this best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion

Question 10

Which cellular structure, shown in the thirteenth image, is responsible for organizing microtubules and is essential for cell division?

Accepted Answer

Centrosome

Question 11

Which stage of mitosis is depicted in the nineteenth image, where chromosomes are aligned at the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 12

The process shown in the twenty-fourth image, where the cytoplasm divides to form two daughter cells, is called:

Accepted Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 13

Which process, illustrated in the twenty-sixth image, involves the unwinding of DNA and the synthesis of a complementary RNA strand?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the structure shown in the fifteenth image (microvilli)?

Accepted Answer

Increase surface area for absorption

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the nucleolus, as seen in the nucleus in the first image?

Accepted Answer

Site of rRNA synthesis and ribosome assembly

Question 16

Which cytoskeletal element, shown in the twelfth image, provides tensile strength and resists mechanical stress in cells?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments

Question 17

Which process, depicted in the twenty-eighth image, involves the decoding of mRNA into a polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 18

Which organelle, shown in the first image, is responsible for the synthesis of membrane lipids and detoxification of drugs?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 19

Which process, shown in the twenty-seventh image, is responsible for the duplication of the entire DNA molecule before cell division?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus, as shown in the ninth image?

Accepted Answer

Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins

Chapter 3: Cells – The Living Units (BSC 2085 Human Anatomy and Physiology I)

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